BIOLOGY 1B Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Archaic Humans, Jebel Irhoud, Beringia
12 Jun 2018
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Lecture 13
• Criticism: why are there still monkeys and chimps if there are humans
o Humans and chimps share a common ancestor; humans didn’t evolve from chimps
▪ Both humans and chimps have been evolving from common ancestor for 6 million years
• Migration of Homo out of Africa, Part 1 (1.8) Ma
o Early Hominins only in Africa- only found fossils in Africa
o Homo is evident in Georgia in between Asia and Europe
▪ Dmanisi, Georgia had a lot of fossils of skeletons of something close to Homo
• Heavy brow ridge, projecting lower facial profile, smaller brain compared to
ours but big compared to ancestors
• Variation in the skeletons as well; old individuals lost teeth
▪ Jebel Irhoud, Morroco
• Recently retrieved good dates on sight
• 300 Ka
• Found a complete skull; long flat brain case that differs from ours
• Facial profile and dental configuration same as humans
o Homo sapiens; 300 Ka
• Lots of stone tools- diversity and complexity relative to beginning stone tools
o More manipulative skills
• Dated based on flint used in stone; used fire; origins of fire unclear; can’t radio
carbon date rocks
• Thermo luminescence- using fire to understand chronological metrics; stones
were in fire pit and heated
• Homo sapiens
o Anatomically modern humans
▪ Around Africa
▪ Could’ve been multiple streams of evolution
▪ Early homo sapiens in morocco, Egypt and south Africa could be distinguishable
genetically; but mixing leads to network rather than distinct branches; connected
branches
o Morroco at 300 Ka
o Ethiopia 160 Ka
o South Africa 160-220 Ka
o Homo sapiens is emerging around Africa; not centered in Central Africa
• Out of Africa- Homo Sapiens part 2- 100 Ka
o Emigration of Homo sapiens
o Moves out to South East Asia and Europe and Australia then into New World
o Immigration into America- 14.5 Ka
▪ Came across Beringia land bridge
• Challenged by boat crossing or island hopping
• Ancient figurines
o Made animal figurines 30-40 ka
• Genetic differentiation
o Deep roots in Africa show genetically with the deep divergences among Africans themselves
o In Europeans are differentiated from one another
o Sharing of genes among populations
o Net
• People were hunting and gathering
o Origin of agriculture (12 ka)
o Take out wisdom teeth cuz no space
▪ Cook food to soften it don’t need 3rd molars
• Humans come to California
o Many languages
o Same mount of languges and new guinae
o Lots of fauna in California
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