PHIL1070 Lecture 27: PHIL 1070 Lecture 27: Kant (2nd Half):
I. Who is subject to the moral law
A. Are
1. Individuals w/ reason
B. Aren’t
1. Animals, children, God (he doesn’t need it)
C. God
1. Is ultimate good and perfect
2. Doesn’t need imperative to tell him what to do because whatever he does is
the right thing to do
II. Imperatives
A. Hypothetical
1. What we ought to do to achieve a practical end (2 types)
a) Goals - to get a skill or technical ability
b) Esoterically - to get happiness
2. What to do in order to be happy
a) Happiness is arbitrary so… prolly won’t know
b) Happiness can change
c) Shouldn’t plan on how to get happiness because it kind of just
happens so this should not be your end goal
B. Categorical (Moral)
1. The true goal
2. Achieve a necessary moral end
a) End goal of life is to perfect the will so necessary ends are always
moral
3. Criteria
a) Apriori - know what to do before you know the circumstances of an
action
b) Universal
4. Many formulations
a) 1st form:
(1) Moral law: act only on the maxim through which at the same
time you can will a universal law”
(2) Gives us maxims and therefore duties
(3) Criteria for good maxims
(a) No logical contradictions
(b) No contradictions of the will
(4) 4 duties:
(a) No lying promises
(b) Assist others
(c) No suicide
(d) Develop talents
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