HDFS 2010 Lecture 9: HDFS 2010 Lecture #9
18 Feb 2019
School
Department
Course
Professor
-Feeding Infants -
•American Academy of Pediatrics
•Colostrum - produced by the mother 48-72 hours after birth
•Breastfeeding exclusive 6 months
•Recommend one year (or longer)
•No honey, no aspirin, no cow’s milk (1 year can have whole milk)
-Neonatal Reflexes -
•Also known as developmental, primary, or primitive reflexes
•They consist of autonomic behaviors that do not require higher level brains
functioning
•They can provide information about integrity CNS
•Their absence indicate CNS depression
•They are often protective and disappear as higher level motor functions emerge
-Infant Emotional Development -
•Anger
-first expressed at around 6 months
-is healthy response to frustration
•Sadness
-appears in first months
-indicates withdrawal and is accompanied by increased production of cortisol
-is stressful experience for infants
-Language: What Develops in the First Two Years? -
•Listening and responding
-before birth: language learning via brain organization and hearing, may be innate
-newborn: preference for speech sounds and mother’s language, gradual
selective listening
-around 6 months: ability to distinguish sounds and gestures in own language
•Gesturing
-all infants gesture
-concepts with gestures are expressed sooner than speech
-pointing emerges in human babies around 10 months
-First Words -
•Gradual Beginnings
-at about 1 year: speaks a few words
-6-15 months: understand 10 times more words than produced
-12 months: begin to use holophrases; recognize vocalization from universal to
language-specific
•Naming Explosion
-once spoken vocabulary reaches about 50 words, it builds quickly, at a rate of 50
to 100 words per month
-21 month-olds say twice as many words as 18 month-olds
-The One-Word Stage -
•When children first begin to speak, they use only one word at a time
•When these words reused to communicate a more complex meaning, they are said
to function as holophrases
•Holophrase: a single word that conveys the meaning of a phrase or sentence
Document Summary
Is healthy response to frustration: sadness. Indicates withdrawal and is accompanied by increased production of cortisol. Language: what develops in the first two years: listening and responding. Before birth: language learning via brain organization and hearing, may be innate. Newborn: preference for speech sounds and mother"s language, gradual selective listening. Around 6 months: ability to distinguish sounds and gestures in own language: gesturing. Concepts with gestures are expressed sooner than speech. Pointing emerges in human babies around 10 months: gradual beginnings. At about 1 year: speaks a few words. 6-15 months: understand 10 times more words than produced. 12 months: begin to use holophrases; recognize vocalization from universal to language-speci c: naming explosion. Once spoken vocabulary reaches about 50 words, it builds quickly, at a rate of 50 to 100 words per month. 21 month-olds say twice as many words as 18 month-olds.
