HIS-1700 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Antiseptic, Social Darwinism, Chloroform
Document Summary
Isms: liberalism, old (manchester school) and new (john stuart mill, conservatism, romanticism, nationalism, utilitarianism, positivism, social darwinism, socialism, marxism, anarchism. Nationalism: built on liberalism, conservatism, romanticism, and radicalism, celebrated history , traditions, and unique characteristics of a people. , favored liberation, unification, and self- determination, submerged rights of individual to interests of state, fostered us against them . After second industrial revolution: changes in world view: realism and positivism, philosophies of life. Industrialization of the west: moves beyond england & isolated european regions to most of western europe, the us, and other states (e. g. , japan) in the mid-19th century, growth of educated, increasingly urban, prosperous middle class. Changes in gender relations: science + technology = truth & progress, growing working class = problems + demands for new solutions . Science and progress: example: medicine and public health. Antiseptic techniques made childbirth & surgery safer (semmelweis (1840s), lister (1860s)). Anesthetics eliminated pain during surgery (ether, chloroform, 1840s onward).
