HIS-1700 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Rotten And Pocket Boroughs, Chartism, Thermidorian Reaction
Document Summary
Movements influencing 19th century european society and politics: liberalism, conservatism, romanticism. Liberalism: valued individual and property rights (locke, Rousseau, others): best government governs least, favored laissez-faire and capitalism (adam. Smith): opposed poor relief and labor legislation (malthus, ricardo), tested in french and american revolutions, nurtured and nurtured by growth of middle class. Romanticism: reaction against enlightenment ideas, science, and rationalism: Individual experience is the key to truth. Science cannot uncover the essence of nature. The past (middle ages, local folk tradition, etc. ) is rich in lessons for the present: stimulated art, scholarship, and nationalism. After napoleon: congress of vienna (1814-15) focused on: redrawing map of europe, government of france, government of conquered european states. 2: rewards for victors, punishment for france, protection of europe from radical ideas unleashed by french revolution. Who came to vienna: great powers : britain, russia, prussia, Austria: congress was dominated by prince klemens von. Wanted return of legitimate rulers and political stability in europe.
