GLY-1104 Lecture 2: GLY 1104-Chapter 2
Document Summary
What can we observe in landscapes: observations: Principle (1) of superposition: youngest layer is on top and oldest is on the bottom: Principle (2) of crosscutting: geologic feature is younger than a rock unit it crosscuts but rocks have to deposit flat/horizontal first. Principle (3) of inclusions: a younger rock/deposit can include pieces of an older rock called clasts. Principle 4: a younger magma can bake or change older rocks nearby. Topographic relief: difference in elevation between 2 points. Note, brick patterns on rock diagrams usually means limestone. Qualitative: sketch, observations just by looking, descriptive. Quantitative: measurements, seismic, slope, numerical, radar data. Flow of heat through 1 meter of rock. 1000 years: universe is sensible and governed by rules, leads to scientific method: Hypothesis: explanation initially offered for a set of observations. If hypothesis withstands many tests = theory if theory withstands many challenges = law. A good theory is parsimonious (simple) and consilient (wide range is explained- global)
