PSYC 3410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Classical Conditioning, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
19 Dec 2017
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Classical Conditioning in Depth
Classical Conditioning is Flexible
Higher Order Conditioning
-CS- = conditioned inhibitor: a conditioned response does not occur
-a previously conditioned stimulus is used to condition a new stimulus (it’s like the conditioned
response becomes the US in order to condition the second stimulus- conditioned inhibition
develops)
-Second order conditioning
Counterconditioning
-a learned response to a CS is reversed by pairing this CS with a stimulus that promotes the
opposite reaction
-used as a treatment for PTSD
•created emotional responses that are incompatible with the responses to trauma cues
(feelings of warmth, wellbeing, stress relief)
•condition the release of the incompatible emotional responses (ex: pressure on a finger
becomes a cue to a good emotional reaction)
•visit a cue for trauma that elicits anxiety, and then CS (pressure on finger), which will elicit
the pleasant emotions that are incompatible with anxiety
Preparedness to learn specific association (CS-US
relevance)
-sickness is associated to taste
-shock is associated with audiovisual stimuli
-if you see that your friends are afraid of something, you would be afraid as well (US)
Pavlovian Conditioning- what is learned from the
experience
-the behaviour in autoshaping shows that the neutral stimulus (CS) makes the animal think
about the US (they anticipate what’s coming next)
-the animal could have learned that the CS is associated with the US, OR reacts to the CS but
does not why (has only learned that to a certain stimulus, it needs to respond a certain way)
-stimulus devaluation
•To distinguish between US:US and S-R learning
-US:US devaluation (by devaluating the US, we can see whether it is S-S learning or S-R
learning)
•if they have learned that the CS is associated to the US, then when the subject does not
want the US, then their CR should be decreased (for example if a rate is not hungry, they
will not react to the CS that predicts food)
•Otherwise, it will just be S-R learning, where the animal is simply responding to the stimuli
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Cs- = conditioned inhibitor: a conditioned response does not occur. A previously conditioned stimulus is used to condition a new stimulus (it"s like the conditioned response becomes the us in order to condition the second stimulus- conditioned inhibition develops) A learned response to a cs is reversed by pairing this cs with a stimulus that promotes the opposite reaction. If you see that your friends are afraid of something, you would be afraid as well (us) Pavlovian conditioning- what is learned from the experience. The behaviour in autoshaping shows that the neutral stimulus (cs) makes the animal think about the us (they anticipate what"s coming next) The animal could have learned that the cs is associated with the us, or reacts to the cs but does not why (has only learned that to a certain stimulus, it needs to respond a certain way) Stimulus devaluation: to distinguish between us:us and s-r learning. The rescorla-wagner model- formal cause of learned behaviour.
