PSYC 2230 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Appeasement, Fallacy

• School: York University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSYC 2230
• Professor: Frank Marchese

Document Summary

Edward thorndike-law of effect-principal of reinforcement, skinner - a behaviour that leads to reward is likely to be repeated. A behaviour that leads to punishment leads to a decrease in behaviour: ludwig wittgenstein- the boundaries of my language are the boundaries of my world . Instincts: genetically motivated behaviours that occur when certain conditions are present and require no learning (p. 36: early instinct theories were popular in late 19th and early 20th centuries. Labelling is not an explanation; rather, necessary to specify conditions that led to behaviour. Cause-effect analysis attempts to do this: william james: instincts are similar to reflexes, occur blindly the first time and are elicited by stimuli. Instinct is an impulse to action" and impulse to action motivates behaviour. Exposed the first time later to the object it will run away. Thus critical period exists when instinctive behaviour occurs automatically but if critical period is past, behaviour may not occur (p. 45-