PSYC 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Raymond Cattell, Sigmund Freud, Instant Gratification
19 Feb 2017
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AP Psychology Outline
Chapter 12: Personality
Red – Definition
Blue - Important Points
Green - Important People & Contributions
1. Personality – An Individual’s Unique Constellation of Consistent Behavioral Traits.
a. Personality Trait – Durable Disposition to Behave in a Particular Way in a Variety of
Situations.
b. Factor Analysis – Raymond Cattell - Correlations Among many Variables are Analyzed
to Identify Closely related Clusters of Variables.
2. 5-Factor Model of Personality Traits
a. Robert McCrae & Paul Costa
i. Extraversion – Outgoing, Sociable, Upbeat, Friendly, Assertive.
ii. Neuroticism – Anxious, Hostile, Self-Conscious, Insecure, Vulnerable.
iii. Openness to Experience – Curiosity, Flexibility, Imagitiveness, Artistic,
Unconventional.
iv. Agreeableness – Sympathetic, Trusting, Cooperative, Modest, Straightforward.
v. Conscientiousness – Diligent, Disciplined, Organized, Punctual, Dependable.
3. Psychodynamic Perspectives
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Psychodynamic Theories – All Diverse Theories descended from work of Sigmund
Freud, which focus on Unconscious Mental Forces.
c. Structure of Personality
i. ID – Primitive, Instinctive Component of Personality that Operates according to
Pleasure Principle.
1. Pleasure Principle – Which Demands Instant Gratification of its Urges.
ii. Ego – Decision-Making Component of Personality that Operates according to
Reality Principle.
1. Reality Principle – Seeks to Delay Gratification of the ID’s Urges until
Appropriate Outlets and Situations can be Found.
iii. SuperEgo – Moral Component of Personality that Incorporates Social Standards
about what Represents Right and Wrong.
d. Levels of Awareness
i. Conscious – Whatever One is Aware of at a Particular Point in Time.
ii. PreConscious – Material Just Beneath the Surface of Awareness that can be
Easily Retrieved.
iii. Unconscious – Thoughts, Memories, and Desires that are Well Below the
Surface of Conscious Awareness but that Nonetheless Exert Great Influence on
Behavior.
iv. Freud Believes Conflicts in Aggression and Sexual Impulses in the ID, Ego, and
SuperEgo determine Behavior.
e. Anxiety & Defense Mechanisms
i. Anxiety is Caused by Unconscious Conflicts between Ego, ID, and SuperEgo.
ii. Defense Mechanisms – Largely Unconscious Reactions that Protect a Person
from Unpleasant Emotions such as Anxiety and Guilt.
iii. Rationalization – Creating False but Plausible Excuses to Justify Unacceptable
Behavior.
iv. Repression – Keeping Distressing Thoughts and Feelings Buried in the
Unconscious.
v. Projection – Attributing one’s own Thoughts, Feelings, or Motives to Another.
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Document Summary
Green - important people & contributions: personality an individual"s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits, personality trait durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of. Unconventional: agreeableness sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest, straightforward, conscientiousness diligent, disciplined, organized, punctual, dependable, psychodynamic perspectives, sigmund freud, psychodynamic theories all diverse theories descended from work of sigmund. Freud, which focus on unconscious mental forces: structure of personality, id primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to. Pleasure principle: pleasure principle which demands instant gratification of its urges, ego decision-making component of personality that operates according to. Reality principle: reality principle seeks to delay gratification of the id"s urges until. Easily retrieved: unconscious thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the. Surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on. Behavior: freud believes conflicts in aggression and sexual impulses in the id, ego, and. Behavior: repression keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the.
