NATS 1870 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Malachite, Transition Metal, Mica

• School: York University
• Department: Natural Science
• Course: NATS 1870
• Professor: Robin Kingsburgh

Document Summary

Mineral: natural occurring solids, with an orderly internal structure: atoms are arranged in a de nite pattern: de nite chemical composition, typically formed when molten rock cools, most common type: silicates quartz, mica, emeralds, other types: sul des, carbonates, oxides. Gemstones: a type of mineral, when cut and polished, forms gemstones, with brilliance and luster: precious: ruby, diamonds, emeralds, sapphire, semi-precious: opal, malachite, turquoise. Processes that give rise to color in minerals: transition metal compounds. Transition metal is part of the chemical structure of the mineral. Cu3 (co3)(oh) 2 in azurite formula when carbonated water interacts with copper: transition metal impurities substance (like corundum) and replaces one of the atoms in the colorless substance crystal structure. Allochromatic color: other colored- a substance gets added to a colorless. Example: ruby: less than 1% cr replaces al- red. With impurity ions producing color: color can be changed if the. Heating beryl that is green or yellow reduces the ferric iron: then turns.