NATS 1700 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Walter Houser Brattain, John Bardeen, William Shockley
10 Jun 2013
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Document Summary
Integrated circuits are small and use little energy; but they can implement electronic circuits of immense complexities. Brattain at the end of the 1940s that kick-started a transistor revolution. 1925-28: physicist julius lilienfeld patented his transistor in. He did not provide a prototype or working application. 1947: william shockley, john bardeen, and walter brattain, physicists at bell laboratories, created the first working transistor (still large). 1952: the first transistor-based commercial product: hearing aids from sonotone, maico, and acousticon. 1953: first transistor radios: before laptops and smartphones of today they were the most popular electronic communication devices in history. 1953: the university of manchester transistor computer (experimental). 1955: ibm introduced a transistor-based ibm 608 calculator replacing a similar device, the 604, built with 1,200 vacuum tubes. The 608 used 2,200 transistors, were much smaller, used 95% less energy and were very reliable.
