NATS 1650 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Osteoporosis, Rickets, Osteomalacia
16 Oct 2018
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Proximal epiphysis, diaphysis, distal epiphysis, articular cartilage, spongy bone, epiphyseal line, periosteum, compact bone, medullary cavity (lined by endosteum), compact bone, yellow bone marrow, compact bone, periosteum, perforating, nutrient artery. Red marrow: blood cell production, located in trabecular cavities of long and flat bones. Yellow marrow: fat storage, can turn back into red marrow in adults in severe anemia. Position of bone: non-displaced: bone ends retain normal position. Completeness of break: complete: bone is broken through. Incomplete: bone broken only part of the way through. Skin penetration: closed bone does not penetrate skin. Comminutes: bone fragments into three or more pieces particularly common in aged, whose bones are more brittle. Common in porous bones subject to extreme trauma, as in a fall. Spiral: ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone. Epiphyseal: separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate. Tend to occur where cartilage cells are dying and calcification of the matrix is occurring.
