MODR 1760 Lecture 2: Chapter one & two

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lavendersheep284

12 May 2016

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Important to know the purpose of an argument, the intention of your argument. Primary reason for giving argument is to persuade others that you are correct. Must back argument with reasons to have a strong argument. Instead of convincing others why your position is right you may just want to justify yourself. Serious statements: conclusion that you are trying to prove and premises that support your conclusion. When dealing with arguments you deal with only statements. Statement is different from other sentences because it can be true or false (ex-a question is not true or false, commands does not have true or false values) We do not need to know whether or not the statement is true or false, as long as it has a true or a false side to it, it is a statement. Example: all killing is wrong, abortion is killing, therefore, abortion is morally wrong.

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For example, consider the following argument:
"Measles can't be cured by antibiotics, since Measles is caused by a virus, and antibiotics can't cure a viral infection."

We can see that the argument contains the word "since," which is a premise indicator. We know that what follows "since" will be the premises. We also know, through the process of elimination, that what precedes the word "since" is the conclusion. So my standardized argument will look like this:

1) Measles is caused by a virus. 2) Antibiotics can't cure a viral infection. therefore, 3) Measles can't be cured by antibiotics.

Now we can see the relationship of support between the premises and conclusion. We are asked to accept the conclusion, "Measles can't be cured by antibiotics," based on the two supporting premises. Notice that all of the premises and the conclusion are statements, that is, complete sentences that are either true or false. Also, notice that the premise indicator "since" has been omitted. We always omit premises and conclusion indicators when putting arguments into standard form and make sure that the components of our argument are statements, that is, complete sentences that are either true or false.

For credit on this assignment, do the following:

1) Put the following arguments into standard form:

a) "All dogs are carnivores, consequently, Max is a carnivore, for the reason that Max is a dog."

b) "Rebecca does not pray at the mosque, for she is not a Muslim and only Muslims pray at the mosque."

c) "To every existing thing God wills some good. Hence, since to love any thing is nothing else than to will good to that thing, it is manifest that God loves everything that exists."

2) Create your own argument:

a) Construct an argument of your own using two different premise indicators and one conclusion indicator with the following conclusion: "Now, more than ever, everyone needs to take a class in logic."

b) Then put the argument into standard form.

byzantiumtoad342

Given the following main program

#main
a = [5,2,9,6,3] doubleList(a) print a

Implement the function named doubleList that takes one list argument and modifies the list so that each element in the list is doubled. The statement print(a) in the main program will then have to print [10,4,18,12,6]
Given the following main program

#main
a = [5,2,9,6,3]
b = reversedList(a) print b
print a

Implement the function named reversedList that takes one list argument and returns a list that contains the elements in the list argument in reverse order. The statement print(b) in the main program will then have to print [3,6,9,2,5]. The statement print(a) must print the original list [5,2,9,6,3] unaffected. This means your function should not modify the list argument.
Given the following main program

#main
a = [5,2,9,6,3] reverseList(a) print a

Implement the function named reverseList that takes one list argument and reverses the list so that the modified list contains the same elements in reverse order. The statement print(a) in the main program will then have to print [3,6,9,2,5]
What is the return value of the functions doubleList, reversedList and reverseList in questions 1, 2, and 3 above?

Given the following main program

#main
a = [5,2,9,6,3]
b = evenElements(a) print b

Implement the function named evenElements that takes one list argument and returns a list that contains the elements in the list argument that are even integers. The statement print(b) in the main program will then have to print [2,6]. What is the return value of the function? Your function should not modify the list argument.
Given the following main program

#main
a = [5, 2, 9, 6, 3, 7, 19, 4, 8, 17, 21, 20, 15] removeOddElements(a)
print a

Implement the function named removeOddElements that takes one list argument and modifies the list so that all odd integers in the list are removed. The statement print(a) in the main program will then have to print [2,6,4,8,20]. What is the return value of the function?
Part A
#Main program A=[5,8,2,0,-5,3] n=-5
answer = isFound(A, n) if answer == True:

print "The integer is found in the list" else:

print "The integer is not found in the list."

Consider the main program shown above. Write a Python function named isFound that takes a list of integers and an integer as arguments and returns True if the integer is found in the list; otherwise it returns False.

Remark: You are NOT allowed to use the in operator or any other built in function when you write this function. Instead, you must write a loop to go through the elements of the list.

Part B

Give the following main program

#main
A = [5,2,9,6,3]
B = [2,4,3,9,7,1,6,5]
flag = isList1InList2(A, B) if flag:

print "The list", A, "is contained in the list", B else:

print "The list", A, "is not contained in the list", B

Implement the function named isList1InList2 that takes two list arguments and returns True if and only if each element of the first list argument are found in the second list argument; otherwise it returns False.

Remark: You are NOT allowed to use the in operator or any other built in function when you write this function. Instead, if you wish, you can use the function you wrote in Part A.

For the lists shown in the main program, your function must return True because each element of list A is found in list B.

A given List is known as Palindrome List if the reverse of the List contains the same elements in the same order of the original List. For example the List of integers [2, 5, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 2] is a Palindrome because the reverse of the List which is [2, 5, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 2] contains the same elements in the same order as the given List. However the List [1, 2, '2', 1] is not Palindrome because its reverse which is [1, '2', 2, 1] does not contain the same elements in the same order as the given List.

Write a Python function named isPalindrome that takes a List as argument and returns True if the argument is a Palindrome List; otherwise it returns False. You don't need to write the main program; just write the function. If you would like to test your function, then it is ok to write the main program too but you will not get any mark for the main program.
Given your function in question #7 above, what is the output of the following code: a=[]

b = [5,2,9,6,3]

print isList1InList2(a,b)
Given your function in question #7 above, what is the output of the following code:

a=[]
b=[]
print isList1InList2(a,b)
Given your function in question #7 above, what is the output of the following code: a = [5,2,9,6,3]

b=[]

print isList1InList2(a,b)

Given the following main program

#main
a=[]
n = readListElements(a)
print "The user entered", n, "elements to the list" print a

Implement the function named readListElements that takes one list argument and modifies the list by repeatedly asking the user to enter integer values and then appending them to the list. The process stops when the user enters -1000. The stopping value -1000 should not be appended to the list. Moreover your function must count the appended elements and return it. Example if the user enters the integers 31, -4, 9, 1,-1000 then your function must modify the list a to a = [31, -4, 9, 1] and return the number elements added which is 4.
Write a function named createRandomList that takes an integer argument n and returns a list with n elements. The elements must be random numbers in the range [0,100]

Given the following main program:

#main

   n = int(input("How many elements do you want in your list? "))
   a = createList(n)
   s1 = sumOfElementsAtEvenIndexes(a)
   print s1

   s2 = sumOfElementsAtOddIndexes(a)
   print s2
   s3 = sumOfAllElements1(a)
   print s3

   s4 = sumOfEvenElements(a)
   print s4
   s5 = sumOfOddElements(a)
   print s5

   s6 = sumOfAllElements2(a)
   print s6
   if (s3 != s6):

         print "Something is wrong in your program."
   else:

         print "Looks like you have done a good job."

Implement the functions as follows:

createList: returns a list object with n elements. The elements are generated randomly so that each element is in the range [15,45]
sumOfElementsAtEvenIndexes: returns the sum of the elements at even indexes. Use a for loop or a while loop.
sumOfElementsAtOddIndexes: returns the sum of the elements at odd indexes. Use a for loop or a while loop.
sumOfAllElements_A: returns the sum of all the elements in the list using the functionssumOfElementsAtEvenIndexes and sumOfElementsAtOddIndexes. Here you are NOT allowed to use any loop; instead make function calls as described.
sumOfEvenElements: returns the sum of the even integer elements in the list. Use a for loop or a while loop.
sumOfOddElements: returns the sum of the odd integer elements in the list. Use a for loop or a while loop.
sumOfAllElementsB: returns the sum of all the elements in the list using the functions sumOfEvenElements and sumOfOddElements. Here you are NOT allowed to use any loop; instead make function calls as described.

17. Most data compression algorithms like winzip, gzip, lzip and etc are based on the frequency distribution of characters in a given string. Write a function named getFreqDistribution that takes a string argument and returns a LIST that has length 26 such that the first element of the list is the number of appearance of 'a' or 'A' in the string, the second element is number of appearance of 'b' or 'B', and so on so forth.

I'm studying python 2 and have a lot of troubles with solving these homework questions.

grayelk171

MODR 1760 Lecture 2: Chapter one & two

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