MODR 1760 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Rhetorical Question

72 views2 pages

greencattle484

7 Oct 2017

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

A set of reasons for why you should do or believe something. Premises: claims which provide reason for doing or believing something. Conclusion: what you are supposed to do or believe. Descriptive conclusion asserts that something is, was or will be the case. Normative conclusion makes assertion about what we should or should not do or the standards of behavior we should or should not hold. A sentence which is true or false, premises and conclusions are always claims. Questions and commands are usually not claimsbut a rhetorical question is a claim. Therefore, so, hence, thus, because, for, since, it follows that, given that, the reasons are. Not all arguments have indicator words, and some non-arguments have indicator words. It can be very difficult to distinguish arguments from explanations. Arguments: provide us with a reason to think that something is the case. Explanation: provides us with the reason why or how something is or happened.

Related Questions

For example, consider the following argument:
"Measles can't be cured by antibiotics, since Measles is caused by a virus, and antibiotics can't cure a viral infection."

We can see that the argument contains the word "since," which is a premise indicator. We know that what follows "since" will be the premises. We also know, through the process of elimination, that what precedes the word "since" is the conclusion. So my standardized argument will look like this:

1) Measles is caused by a virus. 2) Antibiotics can't cure a viral infection. therefore, 3) Measles can't be cured by antibiotics.

Now we can see the relationship of support between the premises and conclusion. We are asked to accept the conclusion, "Measles can't be cured by antibiotics," based on the two supporting premises. Notice that all of the premises and the conclusion are statements, that is, complete sentences that are either true or false. Also, notice that the premise indicator "since" has been omitted. We always omit premises and conclusion indicators when putting arguments into standard form and make sure that the components of our argument are statements, that is, complete sentences that are either true or false.

For credit on this assignment, do the following:

1) Put the following arguments into standard form:

a) "All dogs are carnivores, consequently, Max is a carnivore, for the reason that Max is a dog."

b) "Rebecca does not pray at the mosque, for she is not a Muslim and only Muslims pray at the mosque."

c) "To every existing thing God wills some good. Hence, since to love any thing is nothing else than to will good to that thing, it is manifest that God loves everything that exists."

2) Create your own argument:

a) Construct an argument of your own using two different premise indicators and one conclusion indicator with the following conclusion: "Now, more than ever, everyone needs to take a class in logic."

b) Then put the argument into standard form.

byzantiumtoad342

1. If a strong argument has a false conclusion, then not all its premises can be true.

True

False

2. Reference works, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, are completely reliable sources of information, otherwise, they wouldn't be reference works.

True

False

3. You are rationally justified in accepting the view of the majority of experts in a given subject, even if this view turns out later to have been incorrect.

True

False

4. If someone has given bad reasons for a claim's acceptance, the claim should always be rejected.

True

False

5. If no reasons have been given for a claim's acceptance, the claim should always be rejected.

True

False

6. If you have reason to believe that an expert is biased, you should reject that expert's claim as false.

True

False

7. If we 'suspend judgment' on a claim, then we think the claim is false.

True

False

8. Our most reliable source of information about the world is our own observations.

True

False

9. Media consolidation (otherwise known as "media concentration") refers to the process of larger companies buying up smaller media companies.

True

False

10. Choose the answer that best characterizes the following passage: "The ensemble played an encore at last year's concert, and I'm pretty sure they played one the year before as well. So they will most likely play an encore at this year's concert."

This passage is neither an attempt at an argument nor an attempt at an explanation. It is just a series of claims.

This passage is an explanation.

This passage is an attempt at a deductive argument.

This passage is an attempt at an inductive argument.

11. Choose the answer that best characterizes the following passage: "Sheila's clarinet must be French. It's a Leblanc, and all Leblanc instruments are made in France."

This passage is neither an argument nor an explanation.

This passage is a deductive argument.

This passage is an inductive argument.

This passage is both deductive and inductive.

carmineseal21

A statement that is necessarily false, or a group of statements that, taken together, are inconsistent. A) Division B) Suppression C) Questionable Cause D) Contradiction 2. An attack on oneâs opponent rather than oneâs opponentâs argument. A) Faulty Comparison B) Categorical Proposition C) False Dilemma D) Ad Hominem Argument 3. Consciously believing at a deeper level what we know to be dubious. A) Mood B) Conclusion C) Self-Deception D) Irrelevant Reason 4. A limited perspective shaped by the ideas, interests, and kinds of behavior favored by the groups with which we identify. A) Provincialism B) Delusional C) Composition D) Tokenism 5. Drawing conclusions about a population on the basis of a sample that is too small to be a reliable measure of that population. A) Minor Term B) Small Sample C) Suppressed Evidence D) Rationalization 6. Is the following argument valid or invalid? If valid, explain whether it is deductive or inductive. If invalid, explain why: âMr. Michaels believes that he is the only person on the ballot capable of running our town. He says so time and again in his campaign speeches and ads. What he fails to mention is that he is an alcoholic womanizer with no scruples. Who in their right mind could vote for that?â HTML Editor 7. The fallacy in which it is assumed parts of an item have a particular property because the item as a whole has that property. A) Premise B) Indirect Proof C) Division D) Unrepresentative Sample 8. The fallacious drawing of a conclusion from relevant but insufficient evidence. A) Appeal to Authority B) Hasty Conclusion C) Loyalty D) Middle Term 9. Valid reasoning from justified (warranted) premises that include all likely relevant information. A) Guilt by Association B) Indirect Proof C) Cogent Reasoning D) Contradiction 10. A comparison of one thing to another based on a perceived similarity. A) Indirect Proof B) Analogy C) Two Wrongs Make a Right D) Questionable Cause 11. Is the following argument valid or invalid? If valid, explain whether it is deductive or inductive. If invalid, explain why: âMrs. Kelvin has accused me of intentionally denting her rear fender. I neither confirm nor deny this, however in telling her story she leaves out an important point. As we were both leaving our driveways that morning, I backed onto the street first. She saw this and then deliberately pulled in front of my vehicle as I was preparing to continue down the street. Mrs. Kelvin intended to cut me off, so what happened to her car was entirely her fault.â HTML Editor 12. Is the following argument valid or invalid? If valid, explain whether it is deductive or inductive. If invalid, explain why: âAfter careful consideration, it is the determination of the board that free soda will no longer be provided in the break room. Before making this decision, a survey was distributed amongst all members of the upper management to determine their opinion on the matter. Based on the majority of responses, it was evident that withdrawing the free soda will not have any significant negative effect on morale.â HTML Editor 13. Use of a term in a passage to mean one thing in one place and something else in another. A) Cogent Reasoning B) Superstition C) Equivocation D) Inconsistent

MODR 1760 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Rhetorical Question

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

MODR 1760 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Real Change, The Butler

[MODR 1760] - Midterm Exam Guide - Ultimate 12 pages long Study Guide!

MODR 1760 Lecture 2: lecture2

Related Questions