HREQ 1040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Hypodermic Needle, Oklahoma City Bombing

• School: York University
• Department: Human Rights and Equity Studies
• Course: HREQ 1040
• Professor: Claudio Colaguori

Document Summary

Dialogic: two-way communication in which a message is received and can be responded. Monologic: one-way communication in which a message is received but receiver cannot respond to sender: ex. Advertising and mass media --> transmitting messages to large amounts of people; usually through electronic media. Before mass communication was implemented, violence was used as a form of ideological hegemony. Media messages are influenced by culture and have the potential to change culture over time. Mainstreaming = people are influenced to have similar, dominant values. Effect theories: hypodermic needle theory = media has a direct effect on individuals, limited effects theory = media messages do not directly influence individuals as they have the ability to reason and filter through the propaganda. Framing and flow; bending of truth + used in propaganda media: ex. Oklahoma bombing --> linked bombing to islamic radicalism by presenting a newscast on islamic terrorism directly after the oklahoma bombing news (subconscious link forms)