BIOL 4285 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, Embryonic Stem Cell, Petri Dish

When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?

There is antibody-mediated and cell-mediated specific immunity. Which type of cells are primarily involved in the antibody-mediated immune response?

From the bacteria's perspective, why is it helpful that it produce diarrhea in people?

Where do prions come from?

1. Fill in the words or phrases that best complete each sentence. Be as specific as possible.

a. Erythrocytes contain the enzyme -------- , which catalyzes the conversion of metabolically produced CO₂ and water into --------- .

b. Most old erythrocytes are removed from circulation and destroyed by cells called ------------- , as they rupture passing through the narrow capillaries of the organ called the --------- .

c. Undifferentiated cells called------------ reside in the bone marrow, where they continuously divide and-------------- to give rise to each of the types of blood cells.

d. The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary ----------- to exit the vasculature is known as ----------- . Once they leave the bloodstream to fight a pathological condition, they never return.

e. The genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte are called-------------- , and a person with agglutinins that react with type A and blood type B has type------------- blood.

f. During embryonic development, ninety-nine percent of the cardiac fibers are specialized for the function called----------- , whereas the remainder is specialized for-------------- .

g. The action potential delay at the-------------------- ensures that atrial excitation and contraction are complete before------------------ excitation and contraction commence.

h. The--------------------- is the volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed. An increase of this volume occurs when the stroke volume is .

i. The three cations, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Na⁺ have an important effect of heart function. Increased blood levels of Na⁺ blocks----------------- inflow and results in a decrease in the force of contraction, while an excess of---------------- blocks the generation of action potentials.

j. An increase in parasympathetic activity ---------------- has the following effect on stroke volume: ---------------- . An increase in parasympathetic activity --------------- atrial contractility.

1. Anemia is the general term for conditions that result in theblood not being able to carry enough oxygen to the tissues in thebody. This can be due to a person's inability to produce enoughnormal hemoglobin molecules and/or red blood cells.

Which type of anemia is due to a decrease in red blood cellproduction because of a vitamin B12 deficiency?

Select one:

a. sickle cell anemia

b. pernicious anemia

c. iron-deficiency anemia

2. Which is the most common blood type in the US?

Select one:

a. A

b. B

c. AB

d. O

3. Which of the following is found in plasma?

Select one or more:

a. vitamins

b. red blood cells

c. hormones

d. platelets

e. all of the above

4. Cells that can differentiate into any of the formed elements(red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) are celled Answercells

5. Eosinophils and monocytes are involved in allergicreactions.

Select one:

True

False

6. Hemoglobin is the molecule that floats around in blood andcarries oxygen molecules to the tissues in your body.

True or false: Oxygen binds to the iron in the hemoglobinmolecule.

Select one:

True

False

7. Hemolytic disease of the newborn can happen during a woman'sfirst pregnancy where the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh+.

Select one:

True

False

8. Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cell. It is the resultof an abnormal white blood cell multiplying uncontrollably. Why isit so letal? Because it takes over the red bone marrow and doesn'tallow normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets toform.

True or false:

Without enough red blood cells, you can't bring oxygen to thetissues in your body.

Without enough platelets, you won't be able to form clots, forinstance, to stop you from bleeding when you get a cut.

Without enough normal white blood cells, you cannot fightinfections properly.

Select one:

True

False

9. The neutrophil is the first white blood cell to arrive at thesite of an infection.

Select one:

True

False

10. Blood clots serve to stop a person from bleeding, forinstance, when they get a cut (a blood vessel is broken open). Whena blood clot forms in an unbroken blood vessel, it is called anembolus; when the embolus breaks free from the wall of that bloodvessel, it is called a thrombus.

Select one:

True

False