BIOL 2900 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Biofilm, Osmotic Shock, Flagellum
29 Sep 2017
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Structure of flagellum long structure that extends beyond surface of cell: my be arranged differently depending on species. Prokaryotic cell wall: allows bacteria to resist osmotic stress, provides structure and shape, assists some cells in attaching to other cells found in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotic animal cells, we can target cell wall bacteria with antibiotics. Gram-positive cell wall: many layers of peptidoglycan held together by teichoic acid lipoteichoid acid connects wall to plasma membrane. Peptidoglycan and bacterial shape rod-like (bacillus: spiral (spirillum, spherical (coccus, ex. Listeria (gram+: gram- rods give you many options (need more info and tests, ex. staphylococcus bunch (gram+, ex. streptococcus chain (gram+, ex. meningitidis, neisseria (gram-) *gram+ antibiotics work a lot on the cell wall. Toxins: chemicals produced by pathogen, harm tissues or trigger host immune responses that cause damage, exotoxins (ex. Tetanus: proteins, secreted by live pathogen, abnormal signal to cells, destroy cellular and extracellular structures, ex.
