BIOL 2040 Lecture 1: Lecture 1
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QUESTION 10
If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the promoter of your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:
The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently | ||
The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein | ||
The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome | ||
The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon | ||
The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene |
1.2 points
QUESTION 11
A competitive inhibitor is decreasing the activity of an enzyme. Predict the effect of adding more substrate to the reaction.
The substrate will increase the reaction rate by binding to the allosteric site | ||
The substrate will increase the reaction rate by competing with the inhibitor for the active site | ||
The reaction rate will not change unless the inhibitor can be removed | ||
The enzyme adjusts its shape so that the substrate, but NOT the competitive inhibitor, can bind | ||
The substrate will bind to the competitive inhibitor and block its ability to bind to the enzyme |
1.2 points
QUESTION 12
What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?
Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene | ||
Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules | ||
Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone | ||
Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene | ||
Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions |
1.2 points
QUESTION 13
What is the basic premise of cell theory?
DNA -> RNA -> protein | ||
All cells arise from pre-existing cells | ||
DNA provides the complete instructions to create a cell | ||
The identity of a cell is determined through gene expression patterns | ||
All cells contain the same four basic macromolecules |
1.2 points
QUESTION 14
What is the benefit of using BOTH the lac activator and the lac repressor to control gene expression?
Using both an activator and repressor enables cells to more accurately determine the amount of lactose available in the environment | ||
Enzymes to digest lactose are only made when energy is low and lactose is available | ||
The activator can override the inhibition of the lac operon by the repressor | ||
The repressor can control the enhancer, while the activator can control the promoter | ||
When neither the lac activator or repressor is present, expression of the lac operon is too high |
1.2 points
QUESTION 15
What is the histone code used for?
Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted | ||
Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins | ||
Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form | ||
Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur | ||
The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide |
Question 11 pts
What is a mutation?
A dangerous alteration in the genes of a living organism. |
Any change in the base sequence of an organism's DNA. |
Any genetic alteration in an organisms physical appearance. |
A broken piece of a DNA molecule. |
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Question 21 pts
How many "genetic words" are there in the genetic code formed by combining three DNA bases together?
64 |
32 |
128 |
26 |
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Question 31 pts
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
A double helix. |
a circle. |
a hexagon. |
a concave surface. |
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Question 41 pts
Which of the following is not one of the DNA bases used by living organisms on Earth?
Adenine. |
Galline. |
Thymine. |
Cytosine. |
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Question 51 pts
What is the genome of an organism?
The longest of its DNA molecules. |
The complete sequence of DNA bases in all its DNA. |
The noncoding parts of the DNA. |
All the genes in an organism's DNA. |
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Question 61 pts
The process by which DNA is copied to be passed on to the next generation of an organism is called:
DNA replication. |
DNA unzipping. |
Cell division. |
Genetic mutation. |
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Question 71 pts
If every cell in your body has exactly the same DNA, why are brain cells different from muscle cells?
Because they are located in different parts of your body. |
Because different types of cells use different pieces of the same DNA. |
Because the noncoding DNA behaves differently in different cell types. |
Because while all cells in your body may have the same DNA, they have different genomes. |
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Question 81 pts
Which kind of extreme environment are psychrophiles able to survive?
Extremely low pressure. |
Extreme heat. |
Extreme cold. |
Extreme acidity. |
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Question 91 pts
What are thermophiles ?
Organisms that live in extremely cold conditions. |
Organisms that live in extremely hot conditions. |
Organisms that live in extremely acidic conditions. |
Organisms that can live in highly radioactive environments. |
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Question 101 pts
What characteristic is the bacterial species Deinococcus Radiodurans known for?
For being discovered on radio antennas. |
For being able to survive high doses of radiation. |
For being able to live inside rocks. |
For being the first life discovered on Mars. |