BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Okazaki Fragments, Chromosome, Semiconservative Replication

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24 Aug 2020

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Jan 9 biol2040: karyotype, chromosome, genetic material. What are the characteristics a molecules must exhibit to be considered genetic material: 1. Variation by mutation: review what you know about dna and rna structure with the person next to you. A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base covalently attached to a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) but without the phosphate group. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) and one to three phosphate groups. What are some similarities and difference btw rna and dna. Complementary base pairing is the phenomenon where in dna guanine always hydrogen bonds to cytosine and adenine always binds to thymine. What holds the pairs together? (hydrogen bonds: nucleic acid are composed of nucleotides. In order to carry information, we need multiple letter (bases) Encode the information by ordering these bases. We have 4 options (at, gc) - nucleic acid. Proteins have 20 letters: nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides.

Related Questions

Respond to each sentance with true or false regarding the replication of DNA:

Complementary base pairing relies on the number of hydrogen bonds that each base can make.

In a single nucleotide, the phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar unit.

The antiparallel arrangement of double-stranded DNA is due to the phosphate group being bonded to the 3' carbon on one strand and the 5' carbon on the complementary strand.

The phosphate attached to the 5' carbon of a given nucleotide links to the 3' -OH of the adjacent nucleotide.

The -OH group on the 3' carbon of the sugar unit is the attachment site for the nitrogenous base.

rubyclam664

please help thank you :)

6) Guanosine consists of

a) A guanine base + a ribose sugar

b) A guanine base + a deoxyribose sugar

c) A guanine base + a ribose sugar + a phosphate group

d) A guanine base + a deoxyribose sugar + a phosphate group

e) A guanine base + a cytosine base

7) A deletion mutation in a viral DNA resulted in loss of 20 nm length of DNA. How many helical turns are missing?

a) 6 b) 20 c) 34 d) 60 e) 200

Question # 8 & 9.
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme, which can utilize mRNA as a template and synthesize complementary DNA strand. If mRNA sequence is 5âAUGGUAUGCUCU 3â

8) What will be the sequence of complementary DNA strand?

a) 3â AGAGCATACCAT 5â

b) 3â ATGGTATGCTCT 5â

c) 3â TCTCGTATGGTA 5â

d) 3â TACCATACGAGA 5â

e) None of the above

9) How many codons are present in this mRNA?

a) 2

b) 4 c) 6 d) 8 e) 12

10) In gel electrophoresis, the migration of DNA molecules is unaffected by

a) Size of DNA

b) Shape of DNA

c) Strength of electric field

d) Strength of gel

e) None of the above

11) In biological macromolecules, the following two non-polar groups most commonly participates in the formation of hydrophobic interactions

a) N-H and O-H

b) N-H and C-H

c) C-H and C-C

d) C-H and O-H

e) C-C and O-P

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

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BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Okazaki Fragments, Chromosome, Semiconservative Replication

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