BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Heterogametic Sex, Y Chromosome, Gametogenesis

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1 Nov 2017

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Sex determination: it is widely known that people who inherit sex chromosome x from the mother and y from the father are genetically male, while people who inherit x from both parents are genetically female. Thus, the sex of an offspring is determined entirely by which of the male"s sperm (one carrying x or y) fertilizes the egg (which always carries x). The fe(cid:373)ale se(cid:454) has 2 (cid:858)x(cid:859) (cid:272)hro(cid:373)oso(cid:373)es (cid:894)xx(cid:895) while (cid:373)ale has o(cid:374)l(cid:455) o(cid:374)e (cid:858)x(cid:859) (cid:272)hro(cid:373)oso(cid:373)e a(cid:374)d at the ti(cid:373)e of ga(cid:373)etoge(cid:374)esis produ(cid:272)es 2 t(cid:455)pes of ga(cid:373)etes. 50% with (cid:858)x(cid:859) (cid:272)hro(cid:373)oso(cid:373)e while other 50% without (cid:858)x(cid:859) chromosome. Because of 2 types of gametes produced by males it is called heterogametic sex (male). two types: (i) xx-xy type: In man, other mammals, plants and many insects like drosophila, etc. , the female has homogametic xx type while male has x and y chromosomes. The female produces only one type of gametes while male produ(cid:272)es two t(cid:455)pes of ga(cid:373)etes (cid:858)x(cid:859) a(cid:374)d (cid:858)y(cid:859).

Related Questions

1. A mother with blood type A has a child with blood type A. Give all possible blood types for the father of this child.

a.) O

b.) B, AB

c.) A, AB

d.) A, B, O

e.) A, B, AB, O

2.) In sesame, the one-pod condition (P) is dominant to three-pod (p), and normal leaf (W) is dominant to wrinkled (w). These characteristics assort independently. A one-pod, wrinkled leaf Ã one-pod, normal leaf cross gave a progeny of 654 one-pod, normal leaf plants and 224 three-pod, normal leaf plants. What are the likely genotypes of the parents in this cross?

		a.) Pp ww Ã Pp Ww
b.)		Pp Ww Ã Pp Ww
c.)		Pp ww Ã Pp WW
d.)		PP Ww Ã Pp ww
	e.)	PP ww Ã PpWw

3.) Honeybees have a haplo-diploid sex determination system where females develop from a fertilized egg (they are diploid, having one allele from the female queen and one allele from the male), and males develop from unfertilized eggs (they are haploid, having only one allele from the queen). Assuming that the queen is heterozygous for a particular gene, what is the probability that a female will inherit the recessive allele from her mother? What is the probability that a male will inherit a recessive allele from his mother?

		a.) The probability that a daughter will inherit a recessive allele from her mother is 50%; the probability that a son will inherit a recessive allele from his mother is 100%.
		b.) The probability that a daughter will inherit a recessive allele from her mother is 100%; the probability that a son will inherit a recessive allele from his mother is 50%.
		c.) The probability that a daughter will inherit a recessive allele from her mother is 50%; the probability that a son will inherit a recessive allele from his mother is 50%.
		d.) The probability that a daughter will inherit a recessive allele from her mother is 100%; the probability that a son will inherit a recessive allele from his mother is 100%.

4.) Human males, with XY chromosomes are _____ and produce two different kinds of gametes, whereas females with XX chromosomes are _____ and produce only one kind.

a.)		homogametic; heterogametic
		b.) pleiotropic: epistatic
		c.) heterogametic; homogametic
		d.) epistatic; pleiotropic

5.) A chi-square test is done to test the hypothesis that a set of data represents a F₂ ratio of 9:3:3:1. The degree(s) of freedom that should be used is:

		a.) 1
		b.) 2
		c.) 3
		d.) 4 I DON'T KNOW HOW TO DO THESE PROBLEMS, I WOULD REALLY APPRECIATE SOME HELP AND EXPLANATION ON HOW TO WORK OUT THESE PROBLEMS. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!

Question 1 Select one answer.

Two heterozygous individuals are crossed. What percentage oftheir offspring will be heterozygous?

a)50%

b)75%

c)100%

d)25%

Question 2 Select one answer.

In peas purple is dominant to white for flower color. A purpleflower is crossed with a white flower. All the offspring (over 100plants) produce purple flowers. What is the genotype of the purpleflower?

a)pp

b)Either PP or Pp

c)PP

d)Pp

Question 3 Select one answer.

A heterozygous germ cell undergoes meiosis. The gametes will

a)only have the recessive allele

b)only have the dominant allele

c)either have the dominant or the recessive allele

d)have both the dominant or the recessive allele

Question 4 Select one answer.

Sex-linked disorders

a)are always dominant are

b)always recessive

c)can be either dominant or recessive

d)are neither dominant nor recessive

Question 5 Select one answer.

A nucleus is built around chromatids which have separated. Thisoccurs during which stage of meiosis?

a)Telophase II

b)Metaphase I

c)Metaphase II

d)Telophase I

Question 6 Select one answer.

The condition of having anincorrect number of chromosomes is called ____________.

a)nondisjunction

b)aneuploidy

c)epistatis

d)trisomy

Question 7 Select oneanswer.

In humans females are

a)XY

b)YY

c)none of these

d)XX

Question 8 Select oneanswer.

Autosomal means that the gene isfound on the

a)X chromosomes

b)the Y chromosome

c)either the X or the Ychromosome

d)neither on the X nor theY

Question 9 Select oneanswer.

What organism did Mendelstudy?

a)Roses

b)Ants

c)Peas

d)Yeast

Question 10 Select oneanswer.

Huntington's disease is anautosomal dominant disorder. If two individuals who areheterozygous at this locus breed, what are the chances that theiroffspring will develop Huntington's?

a)100%

b)75%

c)50%

d)25%

Question 11 Select oneanswer.

Plum gametes have 24 chromosomes.How many chromosomes would a zygote have?

a)12

b)24

c)36

d)48

Question 12 Select oneanswer.

Hydrangeas are blue in acidicsoil with available aluminum, and they are pink in alkaline soilwithout available aluminum, but they cannot be orange under anysoil condition. The color of hydrangeas is affect by

a)genetics only

b)the environment only

c)genetics and theenvironment

Question 13 Select oneanswer.

Somatic mosquito cells have 6chromosomes. How many chromosomes do gametes have?

a)3

b)6

c)12

d)24

Question 14 Select oneanswer.

Alleles are different versions ofa

a)Gene

b)Phenotype

c)Genotype

d)Chromosome

Question 15 Select oneanswer.

A female producesgametes:

a)that have either an X or a Ychromosome

b)That have 2 Xchromosomes

c)that have a Y chromosomeonly

d)that have an X chromosomeonly

Question 16:

use the following infromation to answer the next 4 questions

In dogs, colored fur (E) is dominant to un-colored fur (e).Blackfur color (B) is dominant to brown fur color (b). The E gene isepistatic to the B gene. A yellow male dog is mated to a blackfemale. the male's parents were both brown dogs. The female'smother was yellow and her father was brown

Q1 of 4: what is the genetype of the male dog in thisexample

a)eeBb

b)eeBB

c)ee

d)eebb

Q2 of 4: What is the genotype of the female dog in thisexample?

a)EeBb

b)EEBB

c)EeBB

d)EEBb

Q3 or 4: What percentage of their puppies will be yellow?

a)100%

b)75%

c)50%

d)25%

Q4 of 4: what percentahe of the puppies will be homozygous forthe B gene.

a)100%

b)75%

c)50%

d)25%

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BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Heterogametic Sex, Y Chromosome, Gametogenesis

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