BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Cell Membrane, Autocrine Signalling, Paracrine Signalling
• Question: human communication
o Which of the following forms of human communication are analogous to
which forms of cell signaling?
o A. a text message to one friend→ synaptic signaling
o B. talking to several friends at a party → paracrine
o C. a radio broadcast → endocrine
o D. talking to yourself → autocrine
• Types of receptors
• Fig 15-3a cell-surface receptors
o Hydrophilic signal molecule → cell-surface receptor protein.
• Fig 15-3b intracellular receptors
o Hydrophobic signal molecule → intracellular receptor protein.
o In most cases, receptors are transmembrane proteins on the target-cell
surface. When these proteins bind an extracellular signal molecule (a
ligand), they become activated and generate various intracellular signals
that alter the behavior of the cell. In other cases, the receptor proteins are
inside the target cell, and the signal molecule has to enter the cell to bind
to them: this requires that the signal molecule be sufficiently small and
hydrophobic to diffuse across the target cell’s plasma membrane.
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