BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase, Essential Amino Acid, Peptide Hormone
Document Summary
Glutathione: tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine, glycine, regulates oxidation/reduction reactions in cells, destroys destructive free radicals by scavenging oxidizing agents. Oxytocin and vasopressin: pituitary gland peptide hormones, nonapeptides cyclized by disulfide bond, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth induces labor, vasopressin stimulates water resorption by kidneys and increases blood pressure (anti-diuretic hormone) Enkephalins and endorphins: brain and nervous system peptides, important in control of pain and emotional states. Insulin peptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism. Stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen among other effects. D configuration, the peptide is bitter not sweet. Genetic deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase, the enzyme that converts. 2600, irish are 1 in 4500, and some are lower - japanese 1 in 143, 000. In phenylketonurics, tyrosine is essential called conditionally essential. Accumulation of phenylalanine and its derivatives (e. g. phenylpyruvate is found in high levels in urine) If left untreated, severe mental retardation occurs after birth due to accumulation of phe in brain poisons neurons.
