BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Aliphatic Compound, Protein Folding, Alanine

64 views7 pages

olivegoat893

9 Jul 2017

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Classification and chemical characteristics of each amino acid: It"s this feature that dictates which reactions can take place in a cell. All 20 amino acids have both three letter and one letter abbreviations. You are responsible for knowing the three letter and one letter codes and well as the structures of all 20 amino acids. Groups classified by different properties: i: Non-polar side chains (hydrophobic: ii: polar, uncharged side chains, iii: charged side chains, acidic side chains, basic side chains. Side chains of group i aa"s are mainly hydrocarbons very unreactive amino acids. These amino acids will tend to be buried (away from water) in 3-d structure of proteins. Can be modified by addition of a fatty acid (myristate 14 carbon) Chm333 lecture 6: 1/25/13 spring 2013 professor christine hrycyna: alanine (a, ala) R group is ch3 (methyl group: valine (v, val) Polar residues are both buried as well as on the surface of proteins.

Related Questions

What is the percent sequence identity between hemoglobin (2HHB) and myoglobin (1A6M)?

	A.	93%
	B.	39.46%
	C.	25.17%
	D.	4.08%

QUESTION 2

Which of the following statements is consistent with the sequence similarity parameter?

	A.	The abundance of amino acids with similar properties that are arranged in the same order is equal to the abundance of identical amino acids.
	B.	These parameters are not related and cannot be compared.
	C.	The abundance of amino acids with similar properties that are arranged in the same order is less than the abundance of identical amino acids.
	D.	The abundance of amino acids with similar properties that are arranged in the same order is higher than the abundance of identical amino acids.

QUESTION 3

Which of the following statements is consistent with the similarity parameter and visualization of the aligned structures?

	A.	Hemoglobin and myoglobin do not have similar structures.
	B.	Hemoglobin and myoglobin have only moderately similar structures, as indicated by the large abundance of gray chains.
	C.	Hemoglobin and myoglobin have very similar structures.
	D.	Hemoglobin and myoglobin are perfectly aligned at every amino acid.

QUESTION 4

Hemoglobin (2HHB) is ___ amino acids shorter than myoglobin; the sequence alignment considers only ___ amino acids, and alignment results show that hemoglobin is missing a contiguous strand of ___ amino acids.

	A.	10; 141; 6
	B.	10; 141; 5
	C.	10; 147; 6
	D.	10; 147; 5

QUESTION 5

Which of the following statements best describes the evolutionary relationship between hemoglobin and myoglobin?

	A.	The low sequence identity indicates that hemoglobin and myoglobin are not related, as tertiary structure cannot be used to study protein evolution.
	B.	Both the high sequence identity and structural similarity suggest that hemoglobin and myoglobin are related.
	C.	The difference in sequence identity and similarity values suggests that hemoglobin and myoglobin are related.
	D.	The high structural similarity suggests that hemoglobin and myoglobin are related, while the low sequence identity suggests that the genes for each protein have diverged through mutation and deletion of several amino acids.

QUESTION 6

The comparison of sequences and tertiary structures in this exercise indicates that:

	A.	only similar amino acid sequences can provide the same tertiary structure.
	B.	different amino acid sequences can provide very similar tertiary structures.

QUESTION 7

The structures of deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin are derived from the same source, have the same exact amino acid sequence and length, and differ only in the presence of noncovalently bound oxygen.

	A.	True
	B.	False

QUESTION 8

When using the Sequencing and Structure Alignment tool, the degree of the structural similarity is shown by the superimposition of the backbones. Accordingly, which of the following statement best describes the comparison of deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin?

	A.	Only slight differences in the backbone traces occur throughout the aligned proteins.
	B.	The only differences in the backbone traces occur near the oxygen-binding sites.
	C.	The backbone traces of the proteins are drastically different.
	D.	The backbone traces of the proteins are identical.

QUESTION 9

The alignment of 2HHB and 1HHO shows that the binding of oxygen results in _______ in the protein.

	A.	minor conformational changes at sites proximal and distal to the oxygen-binding site
	B.	no conformational change
	C.	drastic conformational changes
	D.	minor conformational changes only within the oxygen-binding site

QUESTION 10

The alignment of 2HHB and 1HHO shows that the conformation of the Fe-heme group _____ upon oxygen binding.

	A.	changes
	B.	does not change

Place these events that occur during protein synthesis in the proper sequence

- I. II. III. IV.	An aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the A site
- I. II. III. IV.	A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and a polypeptide chain
- I. II. III. IV.	tRNA leaves the P site and the P site remains vacant
- I. II. III. IV.	tRNA translocates (moves) to the P site

Bacterial are very responsive to changes in their environments. How can bacteria control metabolic pathways in response to changes in nutrient availability?

controlling the expression levels of key genes

feedback inhibition of key enzymes in pathways

by post-translating modifying key enzymes to control their activity

by allosteric changes in regulatory proteins

by mutating their genes in response to their environment

How do the life cycles of most fungi differ from those of plants?

		fungi never produce a multicellular haploid organism
		fungi do not have a diploid stage
		Meiosis in fungi results in gametes, while plants produce gametes by mitosis
		Meiosis occurs in fungi without a multicellular diploid offspring developing

Why are proteins so incredibly diverse in structure and function?

		They are made by combining four different types of nucleic acids
		They can be made out of 20 different amino acids
		They contain both saturated and unsaturated fats
		They are long multi-branched simple carbon chains

I.	second
II.	4th
III.	3rd
IV.	first

What are relative sizes of cellular components and range ofsizes for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Describe the intracellular environment in terms ofmacromolecular crowding and how this affects cellularprocesses.

What does the Endosymbiotic Theory state? Give two pieces ofevidence that support this theory.

Carbohydrates can have many functions for a cell. Describe TWOdifferent functions of carbohydrates and explain how the structureand chemical properties of the carbohydrates help them fulfillthese functions.

What are the different types of carbohydrates (monosaccharidesvs polymers) and explain why the different types of linkagescarbohydrates can have enables multiple functions.

Lipids can also have multiple functions within a cell. DescribeTWO different functions of lipids and explain how the structure andchemical properties of the lipids help them fulfill thesefunctions.

What are the different classes oflipids (glycerolipid, sphingolipid, isoprenoid), how do theydiffer, and some functions of each.

Nucleotides can also have multiple functions within a cell.Describe TWO different functions of nucleotides and explain how thestructure and chemical properties of the nucleotides help themfulfill these functions.

Why is it important to understandthe chemical properties of amino acid side chains in order tounderstand protein structure and function? Describe an example of aprotein whose function depends on its structure.

Describe the levels of proteins structure and understand howproteins

magentahare115

BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Aliphatic Compound, Protein Folding, Alanine

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Organometallic Chemistry, Copolymer, Sickle-Cell Disease

BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Alpha Helix, Beta Sheet, Random Coil

BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Aromatic Amino Acids, Titration Curve, Deprotonation

Related Questions