ADMS 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cloning, Closed System, Keiretsu

• School: York University
• Department: Administrative Studies
• Course: ADMS 1000
• Professor: Peter Modir

Document Summary

Provide lower-level employees more decision-making power: fluid. A trait of organic structures: integrated. A system can be defined as interdependent elements working together to achieve a goal or goals. Open system organizations are entities that are embedded in and dependent on exchanges with the environment they operate within. Closed system - fully self sufficient entities requiring no interaction with the environment, and this clearly makes this metaphor difficult to find in practice. This approach failed to recognize the role that the external environment can have on the organization"s operations. Elements of organizational structure: work specialization (functional or social) Functional specialization: refers to division of jobs into simple, repetitive tasks. Social specialization: refers to specializing of individuals and not jobs. Accomplished through employment of professionals whose skills cannot be easily routinized: decision-making source (centralized or decentralized) Centralization: decisions are left to the top level of authority. Decentralized: decision making is spread to the lower levels: levels of administration (tall or flat)