PS263 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Karl Deisseroth, Optogenetics
Document Summary
Ablation = removal of a brain area. Gene-knockout approach: directs a mutation to a gene that regulates one type of cell, transmitter, or receptor. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms: magnetic stimulation to cause a brief and mild stimulation of the neurons below the magnet. Insert an electrode and deliver brief, mild currents to stimulate one area (old-fashioned b/e this will stimulate many types of neurons in the area as well as passing neurons) Magnetoencephalography (meg: measures faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity, identifies approximate location of activity (times at which various brain areas respond, thus tracking back to origin of area where first processed, excellent temporal resolution. Positron-emission tomography (pet: provides high-resolution image of activity in a living brain by recording emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals, uses radioactive glucose to track brain activity with gamma rays that emit after molecule decays. 2: radioactive and expensive due to cyclotron used to make the radioactive chemical w/ a short half-life.
