PS102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Theory Of Multiple Intelligences, Statistical Hypothesis Testing, Metacognition
Chapter 10: Intelligence
10.1 What do we mean by intelligence 50% of intelligence is genetic
Intelligence: involves the ability to learn and the ability to meet the demands of the environment
effectively.
Metacognition: a third addition to intelligence, the ability to understand and control one's
mental activities. (sometimes understood as the ability to think about one's own thinking).
Is intelligence general or specific?
I dont facking know, they dont give me answer :/
Charles Spearman and the g factor:
● Factor analysis: statistical test that is used to find if there is a relationship between different
items of the test which could ultimately form a unified set or cluster of items
• ○ G factor (general factor): underlines distinct clusters of mental ability
• ○ S factor (specific factor): uniquely tied to a particular area of functioning
Primary mental abilities: seven distinct mental abilities identified by Thurstone as the
basic components of intelligence
● each of the primary mental abilities on his list was distinct, not simply a reflection of general
underlying intelligence.
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Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple intelligence:
• ● There is no single unified intelligence, but there are several independent intelligences
from different portions of the brain
• ● He also claimed that damage to specific areas of the brain does not completely damage
mental functioning but rather some functions are affected while others remain intact
• ● Worked with individuals who had savant syndrome, who often score low yet possess
high
skills in particular areas
Multiple Intelligences:
❖ Linguistic
➢ Sensitivity to the sounds and meaning of words
❖ Logical/mathematical
➢ Scientific analysis and logical/mathematical problem solving
❖ Musical
➢ Sensitivity to sounds/rhythms and musical expression
❖ Bodily Kinesthetic
➢ Controlling bodily movements and manipulating objects
❖ Interpersonal
➢ Sensitivity to emotions and motivations of others, (people’s person), skillful at
managing others ❖ Intrapersonal
➢ Ability to understand oneself and one’s strengths and weaknesses ❖ Naturalistic
➢ Ability to understand patterns and processes of nature ❖ Existentialist
➢ Ability to understand religious and spiritual ideas
Thurstone vs. Gardner:
Thurstone- identified mental functions as collectively
- Tested all the intelligences together as a collective (paper and pencil test)
Gardner- each factor itself is an “intelligence”
• - He also believes that intelligences are best measured in the contexts which they occur
in
• - Includes important cultural component
• - Often referred to as the “modular model of mental functioning”
Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence:
● 3 Interacting components: internal, external and experiential (sometimes referred to as
analytic, creative and practical components)
○ Internal- internal processing of information. planning, monitoring and evaluating problems
■ Needed for straightforward tasks and problems that we confront in life
• ○ External- require creativity and also must interact with the internal components
of intelligence to bring successful results
• ○ Experiential- help us adapt to, or improve environments or selecting new ones
■ Relies on tacit knowledge
● Shares gardner's view that intelligence is not entirely mental function but is also not made
up of numerous components.
Stephen Ceci’s Bioecological theory of intelligence:
• ● Ceci’s theory of intelligence is a function of the interactions among innate
potential abilities, environmental context (ecology) and internal motivation
• ● Each person’s innate abilities derive from a system of biological factors or
“resource pools”
• ● Development is based more or less on how they interact with the individual's
environmental resources, or context.
• ● Bioecological model states that one must be internally motivated to fulfil their
innate abilities in their particular environments
Document Summary
10. 1 what do we mean by intelligence 50% of intelligence is genetic. Intelligence: involves the ability to learn and the ability to meet the demands of the environment effectively. Metacognition: a third addition to intelligence, the ability to understand and control one"s mental activities. (sometimes understood as the ability to think about one"s own thinking). I dont facking know, they dont give me answer :/ Primary mental abilities: seven distinct mental abilities identified by thurstone as the basic components of intelligence. Each of the primary mental abilities on his list was distinct, not simply a reflection of general underlying intelligence. lomoar cpsd| 5490467. Sensitivity to the sounds and meaning of words. Sensitivity to emotions and motivations of others, (people"s person), skillful at managing others intrapersonal. Ability to understand oneself and one"s strengths and weaknesses naturalistic. Ability to understand patterns and processes of nature existentialist. Ability to understand religious and spiritual ideas.
