PS101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Observer-Expectancy Effect, Behaviorism, Naturalistic Observation
Document Summary
Maslow and rogers: humanism, hierarchy of needs. Defining a science: a science is a science not because of the nature of its discipline, or because of the subject matter but because of the approach it uses. It"s the use of the scientific method that makes psychology a science. Scientific method: set standards, set methods (survey, experiment, etc. , attempts to minimize biases, preconceptions, person beliefs and emotions. Four goals of psychology: description, prediction, control, explanation (not in the text book) Description: first step in understanding behaviour or mental processes, answers the what question, observe, record, generate data, naturalistic observation and laboratory observation, case study. Explanation: researchers try to understand the causes of the behaviour/mental processes, answers why some things occur, requires testing, re-testing, confirmation. Prediction: when researchers can specify conditions which will likely cause the behaviour or cognitive process to occur, answers the when question, cause and effect.
