OL109 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Mirror Neuron, Linear Logic, Collectivism
INFLUENCES ON PERCEPTION
Physiological Influences
• The senses: how each of us hears, sees, tastes, touches, and smells stimuli can
affect interpersonal relationships (differences in hearing, vision, pleasure of
odors)
• Age: greater scope and number of experiences, developmental differences
shape perceptions
• Health and fatigue: strong impact on how you relate to others, lack of sleep
negatively affects our mood, our ability to concentrate, and increases our
anxiety
• Hunger: hungry people pay greater attention to food despite their conscious
efforts to ignore food-related information and attend to the task at hand, it
also affects anger and aggression
• Biological cycles: each of us has a daily cycle in which all sorts of changes
constantly occur, including variations in body temperature, sexual drive,
alertness, tolerance to stress, and mood (morning person vs night person)
• Behavior neurological challenges: wide range of conditions and disorders
that affect the brain and nervous system (ADD, autism, mental health
disorders) involving differences in brain and nervous system functioning
o Difficulties may be related to differences in mirror neuron system
functioning
o MIRROR NEURONS: help us understand the actions of others
understand the what and why of people’s action’s / behaviors
Psychological Influences
• Mood: our emotional state strongly influences how we view people and
events. Our judgments often say more about our own attitudes than about
other people involved
o The attitude or expectation we bring to a situation shapes our level of
happiness
• Self-concept: the way we think and feel about ourselves
Social Influences
STANDPOINT THEORY: a body of scholarship that explores how one’s
position in a society shapes one’s view of society in general, and of
specific individuals
It is not often applied to the difference between the perspectives of
privileged social groups and of people who have less power, as well as the
different perspectives of women and men
• Sex and gender roles: personal experiences and social expectations
o PHYCHOLOGICAL SEX TYPES: masculine, feminine, androgynous
(combining masculine and feminine traits), and undifferentiated
(neither masculine or feminine), four categories for men and four
categories for women
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