HE440 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Angiogenesis, Metastasis, Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1
Document Summary
Hallmarks of cancer: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, tumour-promoting inflammation and microenvironment, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, deregulating cellular energetics. Proliferation: unrestricted proliferation, multiple mechanisms, regulation of growth signals, failure of growth signals negative controls, usually if body senses excessive stimulation of cell division it causes senescence or apoptosis. Proliferation mechanisms: deregulated production of growth factors such as igf1 or egfr. Igf1: deregulated production of growth factors such as igf1 or egfr, egfr, mutant that is constitutively active. Evasion of growth suppressors: sustained growth, avoiding growth suppression signals, mutation or deletion of tumour suppressor genes, two main players: rb1 and tp53 guardian of the genome . Avoiding immune destruction: evade immune response that under normal conditions would remove these altered cells. Enabling replicative immortality: gain replicative immortality, prevents crisis due to critically short telomeres usual method of tumour.
