HE435 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Protease, Elastase, Mast Cell
Document Summary
Emphysema: characterized by, loss of lung elasticity, permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles accompanied by destruction of their walls or capillary beds without obvious fibrosis, caused by: Inherited a1-antitrypsin deficiency: smoking (breakdown of elastin, recruitment of inflammatory cells to alveoli, enhanced release of elastase from neutrophils. Increased elastase activity in macrophages: activates mast cells (which release elastases) Signs & symptoms: cough and wheezing, weight loss, pulmonary function tests reveal reduced fev1, death from emphysema is related to, pulmonary failure with respiratory acidosis, hypoxia, and coma, right-sided heart failure. Chronic bronchitis: caused by inflammation of the major and small airways, edema, hyperplasia of submucosal glands, excess mucus excretion into the bronchial tree, persistent cough for at least 3 consecutive months. Increase # of goblet cells: enlargement of the mucus-secreting glands, loss of ciliated epithelial cells, squamous metaplasia, dysplastic changes, and bronchogenic carcinoma, co-existent emphysema.
