HE435 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Exhalation, Bronchus, Hemoptysis
Document Summary
Introduction - volumes: fev1/vc, volume (in l) during forced exhalation in 1 sec time, healthy individual = 80, useful in identifying obstructive and restrictive disorders. Copd: most common cause is smoking, disease is largely preventable, clinical findings are almost absent during early stages, meaning issues progresses unnoticed until symptoms are severe. Pathogenesis: multiple mechanisms involved, a hypertrophy of bronchial wall, b inflammation and hypersecretion of mucus, c loss of elastic fibres that hold airway open. Bronchial asthma: chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder, pathophysiology, bronchospasm, inflammation, increased airway secretions, leading to episodic, reversible bronchoconstriction, asthmatic attack triggers, bronchospastic, inflammatory. Classification of asthma: bronchospastic, depends on level of airway responsiveness, this response does not increase airflow, triggers, cold air, exercise, emotional stress, bronchial irritants (ie. smoking) Inflammatory: response in prime sensitive areas, hyper-responsive to non-allergenic stimuli, many people suffer from both triggers, attack further characterized as the early response vs late response.
