HE302 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin Resistance, Prediabetes
Document Summary
Types of diabetes: type 1 insulin-dependent, autoimmune disease, destruction of beta cells, so handling of glucose because of too little insulin, under 40 y. Inability to produce insulin: mostly children and youth, type 2 non-insulin dependent, metabolic disease. Stimulate glucose uptake (liver, gut, muscle little to fat: 2. suppress endogenous glucose production (gluconeogenesis) 1 in 3: first nations people have incidence 3-5x higher, diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in canada. In utero microenvironment: offspring of mother"s with gestational diabetes susceptible. Pathophysiology: potential mechanisms to explain cell dysfunction, genetic predisposition to impaired cell function, cell function is a heritable trait, 2. Glucotoxicity: alters the transcriptional pattern of a number of cell genes, 3. Lipotoxicity: excess production of fa metabolites (ceramides, dags, etc. , 4. Decreased cell mass: due to build up of amyloid plaques in islets, first step is to blood glucose, naturally rx meds, metformin, sulphonylureas, meglitinides, tzds.
