EC140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Output Gap, Shortage, Capacity Utilization
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Long term changes in gdp usually involve the change of potenial gdp, with litle to no change in the output gap. When studying long-run trends in the gdp, the economists focus on the change in potenial output, when studying short-run luctuaions, economists focus on the change in the output gap. Any change in the gdp can be decomposed conceptually into 3 things - a change in factor supply, a change in factor uilizaion and a change in producivity. The two main factors of producion labour and capital. Labour: the economy supply in labour can increase for 2 reasons (long term changes: an increase in the populaion immigraions, birth rates, or decreased mortality rate. Increase the fracion of the populaion who chooses to seek employment. Labour force paricipaion rate: the fracion of people who choose to seek employment of enire populaion (66% in canada) Capital: computers, machines, factories, and warehouses (also a long term change gradual)
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a) | In the AD-AS model, stagflation does not persist, because the working of the self-correcting mechanism of the economy _____ the level of output and _____ the price level until the economy eventually returns to a long-run equilibrium state, where actual output _____ potential output.
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b) | The LRAS curve is drawn as a vertical line at potential output (Y*) to indicate that
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c) | Stagflation arises in the context of the AD-AS model when some external factor causes
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d) | If the SRAS curve is positively sloped, then a decrease in the demand for Canadian-made goods in Europe will lead to _____ in the price level, in the short run.
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e) | Which of the following will shift the aggregate demand curve to the right?
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f) | Suppose a stock market crash decreases the stock of household wealth and therefore causes autonomous consumption to fall. Which of the following is the likely result?
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g) | An economy is characterized by the AD equation P = 200 ? 0.02Y, SRAS equation P = 100 and LRAS equation Y* = 5000. In the absence of any change in policy or exogenous shocks, this economy will achieve a long-run price level of
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h) | The AD-AS model depicts a self-correcting economy. This means that the price level in the model adjusts automatically in response to a(n) _____ gap, so as to eliminate the _____ gap in the long run, without requiring any help from government policies.
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i) | The aggregate demand curve shows
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j) | Consider an economy initially at long-run equilibrium with output (Y) equal to potential output (Y*). If the SRAS is positively sloped, then a shift to the right of the AD curve will lead to _____ in the price level, in the short run. In the long run, the SRAS curve will shift to the _____ and the equilibrium will be at __________.
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