BI346 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Dna Replication, Hydrophile, Cell Nucleus
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Unit 2 Organic Chemistry
Organic compounds vs. Inorganic compounds
What makes a compound organic? Inorganic?
Functional groups (phosphate groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups)
Know the structure of each of these groups, and which organic compounds they are found in. You can draw them for your own use.
Hydrolysis
What is it? What is it used for?
Dehydration synthesis
What is it? What is it used for?
Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and examples)
Know the process of joining two monosaccharides together to create a disaccharide.
Be able to give examples of several monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharide examples (3) | Disaccharide examples (2) | Complex carbohydrates (3) |
Lipids (Saturated vs. Unsaturated; Phospholipids, Steroids)
Define a saturated fatty acid.
Define an unsaturated fatty acid. Draw if it helps.
What process is used to put the fatty acid chain on a glycerol molecule?
Hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic
Define hydrophilic.
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?
Define hydrophobic.
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Proteins, types and functions
What is a protein composed of, and what does it do?
Amino acids
Name the three parts of the amino acid that come off the common Carbon.
Identify each of the three parts. (Amino Acid ID game)
Peptide Bonds
How are they formed?
What two parts of each amino acid do they join together?
Enzymes - define.
Levels of Protein structure
Complete the chart below.
Protein structure level | definition |
Primary | |
Secondary | |
Tertiary | |
Quarternary |
Protein Denaturation
What is it and how does it happen?
Define what a Solute is.
Define what a solvent is
Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)
Nucleotide
Name its three parts and be able to identify each of them on a diagram. (Nucleotide ID game)
What are the two possible sugars used in a nucleotide?
Complete the Table below.
DNA | RNA | ATP | |
What sugar does it have? | |||
What nitrogen bases does it have? | |||
Provide the pairings of the nitrogen bases of each nucleic acid | N/A | ||
What is its structure? |
alkalosis homeostasis cryogenesis |
carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids |
water is adhesive water istransparent water expands when itfreezes |
reaction initiation activation |
cytoplasm mitochondria nucleus |
oxygen and sugars proteins and sugars carbon dioxide andoxygen |
pigments, products products, reactants elements, atoms |
ATP starch glycogen |
fats steroids amino acids |
Kreb's cycle acetyl-CoAformation electron transportchain |
fermentation the Kreb cycle the electron transportchain |
Cool the reactants. Decrease the pH. Add an enzyme(catalyst). |
nucleus mitochondria a cell membrane |
cell walls chromosomes mitochondria |
osmosis active transport passive transport |
ribosome mitochondrion cytoskeleton |
diffusion active transport passive transport |
lipids proteins carbohydrates |
neither take up water orlose water take up water andswell transport water into thecell by active transport. |
lipid storage DNA replication photosynthesis |
chromosome movementduring mitosis protein synthesis ATP production |
metaphase anaphase telophase |
metaphase anaphase telophase |
metaphase anaphase telophase |
Synthesis phase (S) G1 cytokinesis |
4 daughter cells, 5chromosomes each 2 daughter cells, 10chromosomes each 2 daughter cells, 5chromosomes each |
10 20 Not enough informationprovided |
the number of chromosomesallotted to each daughter cell must be halved sister chromatids must beseparated into different daughter cells it produces new arrays ofalleles on chromosomes and contributes to genetic diversity |
are in Interphase are in metaphase are undergoingMeiosis |
twice as many chromosomesas the original cell an independent assortmentof the original cell's chromosomes an identical copy of theoriginal cell's chromosome. |
A-C-A-G-C-C-G-T-A T-G-T-C-G-G-C-A-T U-G-U-C-G-G-C-A-U |