BI111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Casparian Strip, Electrochemical Gradient, Symplast
Document Summary
Simple diffusion is simplest form of passive transport: requires no metabolic energy, substance moves down concentration or electrochemical gradient. But how efficient is it: not very over long distances, 10 um in 0. 1sec;100 um in 1 sec; 1 mm in 100 sec. Active transport requires metabolic energy (atp: based on h+ pumps, h+ gradient maintained through atp use, h+ diffusion into cell powers uptake of solutes. Material transported in same direction as movement of h+ and solute, organic uptake. Material transported in opposite direction to movement of h+ and solute, na+ export. Diffusion: the spontaneous movement of molecules or particles along concentration gradient. Osmosis: special case of diffusion: water molecules diffuse across a selectively permeable membrane from an area to higher water concentration(low solute concentration), to a lower water concentration(high solute concentration) Hypertonic: high concentration of solutes outside of cell(salty environment water will move from areas where its abundant across its plasma membrane into the plasma)