BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Endomembrane System, Cell Membrane, Plant Cell

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coralfish909

21 Dec 2015

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Nucleus is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells. Plant cell has more organelles: vacuole is much larger than in animal cell (approx. Ribosomes: unifying feature of all cell types. Bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic are all slightly different. In eukaryotic cells, some are free in cytosol, while others are attached to endoplasmic reticulum membranes: still others are found in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Endoplasmic reticulum (er: extensive interconnected network of membranous, types channels and vesicles. Makes proteins that become part of cell membranes or are released (secreted) from cell. This is also the way proteins are secreted from the cells (i. e. antibodies). They are synthesized at the er, then passed along, and finally secreted out of the cell. Synthesizes lipids and is the site of many other essential cellular functions. Endomembrane system: characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells. Chemically modifies proteins made in rough er. Sorts finished proteins to be secreted from cell or embedded in plasma membrane.

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PLEASE HELP! HELP! I HAVE 3 PAPERS THAT IâM WRITING SO INEED HELP WITH THIS ASSIGNMENT!

PLEASE READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE ANSWERING.PLEASE INCLUDE A PARENTHETICAL CITATION WHEN YOU REFER TO,SUMMARIZE, OR QUOTE FROM ANOTHER SOURCES. (MICROBIOLOGY) DUE DATE01/27/2019

Type a three-page minimum double spaced paper coveringthe following topics:

Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cellwalls. Discuss clinical implications of these differences(15 points).
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Touch onspecifically the differences in their nucleus, membrane-enclosedorganelles, cell wall, plasma membranes, chromosomes, ribosomes,and cell division. Discuss clinical implications of thesedifferences (15 points).
Describe the functions of the following organelles: flagella,cilia, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, nucleus,smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgicomplex, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts,peroxisomes (25 points).

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Please match the following:Nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicles, lysosomes, central vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast, cell wall, cytoskeleton, gap junction, tight junction, plasmodesmataA. Structure between cells that forms leak proof sheetB. Stacks of membrane sacs that receive and modify protein products coming from the rERC. Fluid-Filled space between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane where organelles are suspendedD. Supports cell, maintains cell shape, acts as tracks for organelle movementE. Cellular respiration, bulk of ATP productionF. Outer border of plant cellsG. Storage, digestion, maintains, turgor pressure in plantsH. Genetic control center, directs cellular activitesI. Selective barrier of all cellsJ. Converts solar energy to chemical energyK. Structure that allows substances to flow from one cell to another cellL. protein factoryM. digestive compartment in animal cellsN. synthesis, modification, and packaging of proteinsO. transport shuttle busesP. stacks of tubules where carbohydrate and lipid are producedQ. Channels connecting neighboring plant cells

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Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleolus

mitochondria

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BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Endomembrane System, Cell Membrane, Plant Cell

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