BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 41: Porcine Circovirus, Nucleoid, Mitochondrion

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coralfish909

21 Dec 2015

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Cells compose or can be organisms: unicellular organisms consist of a single cell, multicellular organisms can have specialized cells for different functions, but cells have same basic structure. The cell theory: all organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic structural and functional units of life, cells come from other pre-existing cells. Large cells have less surface area per unit volume. Large cells are less capable of transporting materials across. The volume of a cell determines the biochemical capacity of that plasma membranes cell. All types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) share basic. Series of structural proteins that give the cell it"s shape/structure and allow it to move: dna organized into chromosomes (replication, basic cellular functions. Part of cellular respiration; all cells do cellular respiration because they need to make atp. Transcription and translation (ribosomes: can and do live in just about every environment on earth, genetic information.

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LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY â STUDY HELP

The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.

Instructions:

â¢ Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.

â¢ PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.

â¢ Use the information to answer the following questions.

Questions

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart.

Objective Lens	Objective Magnification	Ocular Magnification	Total Magnification
Scanning	4X	10X	40X
Low Power	10X	10X
High Power	40X	10X
Oil Immersion	100X	10X

â¢ Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?

â¢ What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?

â¢ What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane

â¢ List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.

â¢ List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.

â¢ In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?

â¢ Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?

â¢ The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.

â¢ The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.

â¢ A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.

â¢ Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.

â¢ Describe dark field microscopy.

â¢ Describe phase contrast microscopy.

â¢ Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?

â¢ How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.

Structure	Function	Organisms Studied
Plasma Membrane		Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus	Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplast		Spirogyra
Cell wall

Which of the following statements about stem cells are true.

CHECK ALL THAT APPLY

When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function.

Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.

Stem cells, under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into only one single cell type in the body during early life and growth.

1. How are stem cells and cancer cells similar?

2. What are the ethical issues surrounding the use of embryonicstem cells? Can any of these issues be avoided using technologysuch as somatic cell transfer or inducedpluripotent stem cells, explain why or why not?

3. What are the potential dangers of stem cell technology?

4. What are the basic differences between the 4 major classes ofplants found in Olympic National Park? What is the earliest commonancestor for all of these classes?

5. When looking at the classes of animals in the park, what isthe difference between an invertebrate and a vertebrate? Whichclass of animal has the greatest amount of diversity?

6. Do all animals have symmetry? What types of symmetry arethere?

7. In any ecosystem, death is an incredibly important part ofthe health of that ecosystem. What types of organisms are criticalfor the recycling of nutrients in the ecosystem?

BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 41: Porcine Circovirus, Nucleoid, Mitochondrion

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