BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Conformational Change, Cytoplasm
Document Summary
Only cells that have receptors tuned to specific signals can respond to those signals. When a signal binds or is recognized by a receptor, the signal goes through a cellular response: Changes in gene expression to a protein synthesis. Gap junctions (animal cells) to spread of electrical signals between cells in cardiac muscle. Integral membrane proteins that bind cells to one another or to extracellular matrix. Cells can also respond to other external signals that aren"t necessarily produced by other cells. Phases of cell signalling (see diagram on right) ligand binds to receptor. receptor activates signal transduction. Response: signaling cascade. signal transduction molecule initiates. Surface receptors: integral membrane proteins that turn into glycoproteins. Specific fit, just like an enzyme binding substrate. Induces molecular change in the receptor that activates its cytoplasmic end. Receptors allow only certain/specific ligand(s) to bind and signal to a cell, for which cells have receptors for a variety of ligands aligned along the cell membrane.
