BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Electron Transport Chain, Eukaryote, Acetaldehyde
Document Summary
Although they lack mitochondria, prokaryotes have respiratory electron transport chains, located on internal membranes. Many prokaryotes do aerobic respiration; some prokaryotes do anaerobic respiration, which uses a molecule other than o2 as terminal electron acceptor. Sulphate, nitrate, and ferric ion are common electron acceptors used in anaerobic respiration. In molecules that depend on oxygen, if it is present, the citric acid cycle will happen after glycolysis. If oxygen is absent, it will instead perform fermentation: fer(cid:373)e(cid:374)tatio(cid:374) is a(cid:374) orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s atte(cid:373)pt to produ(cid:272)e as (cid:373)u(cid:272)h atp as possi(cid:271)le usi(cid:374)g glycolysis even when there is no oxygen. Lactic acid fermentation: begins with glycolysis. After glycolysis, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid. Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, which is coupled to an oxidation. Alcoholic fermentation: nad+ is produced, co2 is a byproduct, ethanol is made, yeast is eukaryote that does alcoholic fermentation. Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration; cannot survive in presence of o2 (e. g anaerobic bacteria).