Psychology 2134A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Lexical Decision Task, Connectionism, Eye Tracking
15 Apr 2016
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Syntax rules: phrase structure rules and trees. Sentences consist of phrases: s np vp. Sentences are made up of a noun phrase and a verb phrase, in that order. Phrases consist of words and phrases: np (det) (adj) n. A noun phrase is made up of an optional determiner, an optional adjective, and a noun: vp v (np (adv) A visualization of phrase structure: your mother wears snowshoes. Vp v np pp: the batter hit [the ball]np [to the outfielder]pp. But what about: [the ball] was [hit to the outfielder] One claim is that these are actually the same underlying sentences: their surface structures are different, their deep structure is the same. This isn"t just a grammar for english. Other languages abide by similar principles: languages might have slightly different phrase structure rules, but no language builds sentences using different types of rules (these rules seem to be universal across languages)
