Political Science 1020E Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Classical Republicanism, Positive Liberty, Negative Liberty
28 Dec 2017
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Cosmopolitanism: (1) all human beings are fundamentally (morally) equal and (2) justice requires impartiality. One proposal: extend principles of social justice to the entire world (e. g. focus on the globally least advantaged) Three defenses of justice based duties to the near and dear. Societies are schemes of social cooperation; justice is about distributing the cooperative surplus. Value of shared nationality: identity based on shared history, language, culture. Negative liberty is (cid:498)freedom from(cid:499), positive liberty is (cid:498)freedom to(cid:499) (cid:498)x is free form y to do (cid:523)or become (cid:524) z(cid:499) Problem: any freedom is both a freedom from and a freedom to. There is only one concept of liberty (or freedom) X is an agent, y is an obstacle or constraint, and z is a goal or end. The observable self, the rational or higher self, or a collective self like a class or nation. What do i want; what i would want if i recognized my true interests.
