Physiology 4530A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Appendicular Skeleton, Axial Skeleton, Hard Tissue

• School: Western University
• Department: Physiology
• Course: Physiology 4530A/B
• Professor: Cheryl Seguin

Document Summary

Lecture 1 introduction to the skeleton skeletal development. Human adult: 206 bones in skeleton: long bones (arms, legs, femur, tibia), short bones (hands and feet, ribs and vertebrae are different shaped bones, different set of bones in skull. Large variety of unique sizes, shapes (unique function as well) Bones form as a result of two different mechanisms, giving rise to a large variety of structures. Staining bone: alcian blue: stain cartilage, stains ecm, proteoglycans of cartilage, alcian red: stains mineral, stains bones, calcified tissues, teeth. Divided into (different shapes and sizes): 1. Axial skeleton (ribs, vertebrae): forms the body axis: 3. Appendicular skeleton (limbs): arms, legs (three topological different areas of the skeleton that can be distinguished) Human forearm vs. bird wing vs. bat wing. Same skeletal elements are present in these three species. Same sets of bones are present in all mammals but different proportions exist relative to the body and this evolved due to evolutionary needs/pressures.