Pharmacology 2060A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Cardiac Arrhythmia, Vasodilation, Prodrug

• School: Western University
• Department: Pharmacology
• Course: Pharmacology 2060A/B
• Professor: Andrea Di Sebastiano

Document Summary

!adverse!drug!reactions!can!include:: side!effects, drug!toxicity, allergic!reaction, carcinogenic!effects, mutagenic!effects, teratogenic!effects! H1! histamine! receptors! to! prevent! the! symptoms! of! allergy! (i. e. ! runny! nose,! watery! eyes). ! Side! effects! include! drowsiness,! dry! mouth! and! urinary! retention. ! Side! effects! occur! when! antihistamines! bind! to! either! histamine! receptors! or! other! receptors! in! the! brain. ! This! produces! sedation,! dry! mouth! and! urinary! retention. !!these!are!side!effects!of!antihistamines: drug!toxicity, drug!toxicity!can!be!considered!as!any!severe!adverse!drug!event, drug! is! toxicity! often! mediated! by! overdose! where! patients! unintentionally! or! intentionally! take! too! much! medication, these! types! of! reactions! are! the! often! extensions! of! therapeutic!effect. During! allergic! reactions,! mast! cells! release! chemical! mediators! such! as! histamine: allergic! reactions! can! vary! from! itching! and! rash,! to! life! threatening! anaphylaxis! (bronchospasm,! edema! and!severe!hypotension), the! intensity! of! allergic! reactions! are! independent!of!dosage!size. !!therefore!small!doses!can!produce!severe!allergy, ~!10%!of!all!adrs!are!related!to!drug!allergy, very!few!drugs!cause!allergic!reactions. ! Idiosyncratic!reaction: these!are!reactions!that!occur!rarely!and!unpredictably!in!the!population, recent! evidence! suggests! that! genetic! polymorphisms! account! for! the! majority! of! idiosyncratic!reactions, the! majority! of! polymorphisms! causing! idiosyncratic! reactions! occur! in! drug! metabolizing! enzymes!and!drug!transport!proteins.