Pathology 4200A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Tumor Suppressor Gene, Hayflick Limit, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
22 Sep 2020
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Document Summary
Understand brief overview of the hallmarks, emerging hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer. Constitutive activation due to mutation pathway active all the time: evasion of growth suppressors. Corrupted pathways in cancer cells no inhibitory signals to cells: resisting cell death. Normal cells senesce and reach hayflick limit. Telomeres normally shorten reactivation of telomerase in cancer cells: invasion and metastasis. Mmp degrade the ecm to invade: angiogenesis. Tumor forms new vessels vegf and other growth factors. Recognize historical perspectives of warburg"s discovery of aerobic glycolysis in cancer. Observation was ignored for decades renaissance in the past 10-15 years: now known as the warburg effect, oncogenes and tumor suppressors can alter cellular metabolism. Warburg found a lower resp rate in a seminal rat tumor led to the investigation of nutritional molecules. Lactate production from glucose stopped the respiration investigation of the presence/absence of o2 in carcinoma. The cancer cells preferred anaerobic glycolysis despite having o2 over the more energetically favorable oxphos.
