Pathology 3245B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Low Birth Weight, Hyperplasia, Bronchoscopy
15 Oct 2018
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Lung function: oxygenation of blood, waste removal (co2, requires, ventilation (movement of air from the environment into the lungs for gas exchange, perfusion (movement of deoxygenated blood from the body to the lung) Interstitial tissues: support type 1 and 2 pneumocytes: two systems of vessels, pulmonary, bronchial, bronchial arteries branch off the aorta. Lung injury: air-borne agents (inhaled, infectious, bacterial, viral, fungal, non-infectious, cigarette smoke, organic particles, toxic gases. Factors determining if infection will occur: dose and virulence of the organism, host susceptibility, impaired defense mechanisms, loss or suppression of cough reflex (coma, anesthetic during surgery) Injury to the mucociliary apparatus (cigarette smoke, inhalation of hot or corrosive gases, viral diseases-e. g. influenza) Interference with alveolar macrophages (alcohol, malnutrition: accumulation of fluid or secretions in alveoli (pulmonary edema, cf, impaired resistance (immunocompromised) Most useful; quick identification of effective treatment based on usual culprits for specific type of pneumonia: community-acquired pneumonia, no pre-existing diseases, functioning normally prior to onset of symptoms.
