Nursing 3910A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Glucose Tolerance Test, Blood Glucose Monitoring, Insulin Resistance
9 Dec 2016
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Assessment and management of patients with diabetes mellitus pg. Type 1: marked by immune mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells; therefore insulin dependent; thought to be genetic, environmental, or immunological; leads to decreased insulin levels, increased glucose production by the liver and ultimately fasting hyperglycemia. Other: can be associated with other syndromes. 10% of diabetics have type 1 diabetes; these people produce little to know insulin and thus require insulin injections; usually occurs before age 30. 90% of people with diabetes have type 2; decreased sensitivity to insulin (impaired beta cell functioning); first treated with diet and exercise. Insulin is secreted from beta cells in the islets of langerhans in the pancrease. When a person eats a meal, insulin secretion increases movement of glucose from the blood into the muscle, liver, and fat cells. Insulin also inhibits the breakdown of stored glucose, protein, and fat. 3 p"s: polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased appetite)
