Microbiology and Immunology 3820A Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Vaccinia, Cytokine, Pus

• School: Western University
• Department: Microbiology and Immunology
• Course: Microbiology and Immunology 3820A
• Professor: Kelly Summers

Document Summary

Learning objectives: herd immunity, history of vaccines, types of licensed vaccines, adjuvants, next generation vaccines, challenges with vaccination. Most effective ways to prevent infectious diseases are: prevent transmission, we still have the susceptible host, prevent infection, vaccination to elicit immune protection in host. Herd immunity: stops transmission so it protects susceptible individuals. In a population, the risk of infection is reduced when the number of individuals who can spread the infection is reduced. Herd immunity is only effective when a sufficient number of people are immune. The uk mmr vaccine controversy in 1998: prosecuted for fake data, took until 2011 for him to be prosecuted, people stopped vaccinating. This proved true even among children already considered at high risk for the disorder. Sparked new measles cases and outbreaks: herd immunity breached, majority of people getting measles are unvaccinated people, when immunization rates decrease, the rates of infections increase.