Mathematics 1228A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Simple Math, Social Loafing, Social Facilitation
29 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Psychology Applied to Sports
Ch. 4 Sport Psychology Interventions
Toda’s Letue: Behaiou i Goups
Oct 18, 2016
1. Social facilitation (the mere presence of others)
2. Social loafing (many hands make work light)
3. Group cohesion (the glue that binds us)
Prologue: What is a group?
Three Definitions (3 types of groups):
1. Two or more people in same place at same time (e.g. strangers waiting for a bus)
- No interaction or communication
an aggregate or collective (a non-social group)
2. Two or more people who INFLUENCE each other (not much interaction or
communication)
a iial goup e.g., ae at bb game, everybody stands up for anthem)
- Do’t ea iial poe, still e stog!
3. A soial goup: To o oe people ho ifluee eah othe though soial
interaction
- Interact, communicate, make decisions, have shared goals
Part 1: Social Facilitation: How are we influenced by the mere presence
of others?
A. Normal triplett (1898)
- Cyclists who competed with EACH OTHER raced FASTER than cyclists who competed
ALONE against the clock
- The presence of others facilitates performance
- Kids wind string faster in the presence of others kids who were winding string than
when alone
Why?
- The pesee of othes eleases eta eeg dynamogism that facilitates
performance
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
B. Establishing the generality of the facilitation effect. Occurs with:
- ofatos ho pefoae the sae task AND
- others who are merely present (an audience)
- other physical tasks (eg. lifting weights, shooting pool) AND
- cognitive tasks (simple math problems, learning word associations, naming colours)
- people even write their signature faster when others are present!
- BUT, sometimes the presence of others inhibits performance (class presentations)
C. Zajonc (1965) and the Yerkes-Dodson Law
phsiologial aousal failitates the dominant espose
- doiat espose is ost likel espose
o eg. when you hear salt, first word that comes to mind is pepper then,
dominant response is pepper
- on easy tasks, dominant response is correct
o physiological arousal should facilitate performance
- on difficult tasks that are not well learned, dom response is incorrect
o arousal should inhibit performance
- the presence of others is a source of arousal: should facilitate performance on easy
tasks and inhibit performance on difficult tasks
▪ The Social Facilitation Effect
A research example: Pool players (% of shots)
Alone
Audience
Experienced (easy task)
-Task is easy
-Dominant correct
-Audience facilitates
70%
80%
Novice
-Task is difficult
-Dominant incorrect
-Audience inhibits
performance
36%
25%
A review of 241 studies involving almost 24, 000 participants: The social facilitation effect is real
D. Why is the presence of others arousing?
1. Evaluation apprehension (others make us anxious b/c they might be evaluating us)
- If the’e lidfolded a’t evaluate us), social facilitation is less likely to occur
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
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MATH 1228A/B Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Oct 18, 2016: social facilitation (the mere presence of others, social loafing (many hands make work light, group cohesion (the glue that binds us) Three definitions (3 types of groups): two or more people in same place at same time (e. g. strangers waiting for a bus) An aggregate or collective (a non-social group: two or more people who influence each other (not much interaction or communication) A (cid:862)(cid:373)i(cid:374)i(cid:373)al g(cid:396)oup(cid:863) (cid:894)e. g. , (cid:449)a(cid:448)e at bb game, everybody stands up for anthem) Do(cid:374)"t (cid:373)ea(cid:374) (cid:373)i(cid:374)i(cid:373)al po(cid:449)e(cid:396), still (cid:448)e(cid:396)(cid:455) st(cid:396)o(cid:374)g: a (cid:862)so(cid:272)ial g(cid:396)oup(cid:863): t(cid:449)o o(cid:396) (cid:373)o(cid:396)e people (cid:449)ho i(cid:374)flue(cid:374)(cid:272)e ea(cid:272)h othe(cid:396) th(cid:396)ough so(cid:272)ial interaction. Part 1: social facilitation: how are we influenced by the mere presence of others: normal triplett (1898) Cyclists who competed with each other raced faster than cyclists who competed. Kids wind string faster in the presence of others kids who were winding string than when alone.
