Kinesiology 2230A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Reaction Rate, Endergonic Reaction, Glycogen

15 views3 pages

viridianoyster533

2 Mar 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

All the info needed for the exams are on the slides** The faster the contrition speed the less power needed. The longer you preform an activity changes the system you use in order to produce energy. Your power will decrease the longer the deration of the activity this curve reflects the change between each system. The number of each molecule is what makes them different not the type of molecule. By breaking down the fat you are releasing energy to be used. Hydrogens are very important when creating energy because they are used in the electron transport chin which is what gives you long term energy. Glycogen is what is stored in the liver which is glucose bound together by water. It is important to understand that as you store glycogen you are storing water. You can not get energy from water. Which is why per gram of glycogen you are getting less energy.

Related Questions

1. C6H12O6 + 6O2 Ã 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose is being _____ to _____ and oxygen is being _____ to _____. a. oxidized; carbon dioxide; reduced; water b. oxidized; water; reduced; carbon dioxide Incorrect c. reduced; water; oxidized; carbon dioxide d. reduced; carbon dioxide; oxidized; water

2. Which of the following stages in the breakdown of the piece of toast you had for breakfast generates the most ATP? a. the citric acid cycle Incorrect b. glycolysis c. the digestion of starch to glucose d. oxidative phosphorylation

3. Which of the following is a catabolic pathway? a. gluconeogenesis b. production of starch Incorrect c. glycolysis d. production of glycogen

4. Per molecule, the oxidation of a fatty acid results in _____ energy storage than the oxidation of glucose. a. the same b. less Incorrect c. more d. None of the above; fatty acids cannot be oxidized.

5. Of the eight reactions in the citric acid cycle, how many are oxidation-reduction reactions? a. one b. two c. three d. four e. five

6. The process of glycolysis transfers the energy in sugar molecules into the stored energy of activated carriers such as ATP and NADH. Which statement is true about glycolysis? a. Only eukaryotic organisms do glycolysis. b. The ten reactions of glycolysis are identical in all eukaryotic cells, but are different in prokaryotic cells due to their diverse metabolic strategies. Incorrect c. The ten reactions of glycolysis are identical in almost all living organisms on the planet. d. There are many ways to oxidize glucose and transfer energy into activated carriers; the diversity of organisms on the planet is reflected in the diversity of their mechanisms of glycolysis.

7. Referring to the sentence completed in #13 above, the purpose of the latter reaction (in active muscle cells) is to _____. a. accumulate lactic acid in the cell, which provides additional energy for the production of ATP Incorrect b. slow down glycolysis until oxygen becomes available again c. accelerate the Krebs cycle, which will restore the oxygen supply d. regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen

8. What are the products of the citric acid cycle? a. carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2 and GTP b. carbon dioxide, NAD+, FAD and GTP c. NADH, FADH2, and acetyl CoA Incorrect d. carbon dioxide and water

9. Which statement is true about enzymes? a. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions because they make inherently endergonic reactions exergonic. b. Each enzyme in a cell can catalyze many different chemical reactions involving chemically different substrates. Incorrect c. Enzymes can only catalyze reactions in one direction. d. After catalyzing a reaction, an enzyme is permanently altered and can no longer bind substrate. e. None of the above is true. 1

10. âG measures the change in free energy in a system as it converts reactant (Y) into product (X). When [X] = [Y], âG is equal to _____. a. RT b. ÎGÂ° + RT c. ÎGÂ° d. ln [X]/[Y]

11. The âGÂ° for the hydrolysis of ATP is -7.3 kcal/mol. What conditions in the cell would lead to a âG for ATP hydrolysis of -11 kcal/mol? a. An increase in the ATP/ADP ratio b. An increase in anabolic activity in the cell c. Transport of ATP out of the compartment where the reaction is occurring Incorrect d. A decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio

12. In the first reaction of glycolysis, a phosphate transferred from ATP to a glucose molecule to produce glucose-6-phosphate and ADP. Under conditions existing in the cell, the free energy change for this reaction is -8.0 kcal/mole. Which of the following statements is true? Recall that the âGÂ° for the hydrolysis of ATP is -7.3 kcal/mol. a. Glucose concentrations in the cell are always low, making this reaction more favorable than would be expected. b. This reaction is less favorable than would be expected, given the âGÂ° of ATP hydrolysis. c. Glucose-6-P concentrations in the cell are very low relative to glucose concentrations, making the reaction more favorable than would be expected. d. The âGÂ° for the addition of a phosphate to glucose must be -0.7 kcal/mole.

13. Protein E can bind to two different proteins, S and I. The binding reactions are described by the following equations and values: E + S --> ES Keq for ES = 10 E + I> EI Keq for EI = 2 Given the equilibrium constant values, which one of the following statements is true? a. When S is present in excess, no I molecules will bind to E. b. E binds I more tightly than S. c. The binding energy of the ES interaction is greater than that of the EI interaction. d. Changing an amino acid on the binding surface of I from a basic amino acid to an acidic one will probably make the free energy of association with E more negative.

Help with Biology. Ive got some of the answers just need somehelp with others and see if what i have is good too.

Effect of enzyme concentration.

Ballon Diameter: (circumference):

TUBE 1: 15.5 cm

TUBE 2: 13.8 cm

TUBE 3: 8.8 cm

What is the enzyme in the experiment? What is the substrate?

Do you expect more enzyme activity if the substrateconcentration is increased or decreased? Explain. The moresubstrate you increase or decrease will cause the enzyme activityto increase or decrease up to a certain point. If you add to itthen it has more molecules to act upon. If you add enough substrateand all the enzymes are being used then it would reach a pointwhere there would be no further activity.

Effect of temperature.

Tube:

Refridgerator:

Temperature (0C): 16 degrees celcius

Ballon Diameter (cm): 17.1 cm

Room Temperature:

Temperature (0C): 28 degrees celcius

Ballon Diameter (cm): 17.1 cm

Boiling Water:

Temperature (0C): 83 degrees celcius

Ballon Diamter (cm): 6.9 cm

What is the enzyme in the experiment? What is the substrate?

How does temperature affect enzyme function? An increase intemperature results in more kinetic energy of the enzyme andsubstrate. It is more likely to collide with the enzyme for areaction to take place. To much heat however can cause the bondswhich holds the enzyme in the very specific shape to break and itwill no longer function (denatured).

What is the function of amylase? What does amylase do to starch?Amylase is a digestive enzyme that acts on starch in food, itbrakes down the starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules. Amylaseis made in two places the salivary glands in your mouth whichstarts the digestive process by breaking down the starch in foodsas you chew and convert that into maltose a smaller carbohydrate.The other place is in the pancrease which completes the digestivecarbohydrate, producing glueclose, a small molecule absorbed intothe blood and carried throughout the body.

Why did you wait 5 minutes before spraying with IKIsolution?

Saliva does not contain amylase until babies are about twomonths old. How could this affect digestion? (Hint: babies do noeat cereal until about 2 months old.) Amylase is needed fordigestion of starches and complex carbohydrates, this makes thefood for babies to not be digested and possibly pass right throughthe babies system and into a diaper. It can also lead to gas andconstipation for the baby. In the case of a high protein food itcould even cause problems with a babies underdeveloped kidneys.Babies are not usually able to eat solid foods until they are 4 to6 months old.

harlequinmacaw712

Please help me check my answers and correct them if needed.Thank you!

1. Which statement regarding malnutrition is true?

	Malnutrition of one nutrient may directly and indirectly affectonly one system
	All nutrient deficiencies typically manifest in a matter of daysor weeks.
	Most cases of malnutrition in the elderly are directly relatedto a loss of appetite
	Nutritional homeostasis should primarily be achieved bydietary alterations.

2. Movement of the stomach/stomach lining upward into esophagusor diaphragm is termed what?

	Gastric reflux
	Gastric torsion
	Hiatal hernia

3. Which of the following is a function of the liver?

	produce and secrete insulin
	produce and secrete glucagon
	metabolize drugs
	excrete drugs from the body
	store red blood cells

4.
Which of the following regarding malnutrition is true?

	ingestion of supplements will prevent malnutrition
	malnutrition can be avoided if the recommendations of the foodpyramid are followed
	malnutrition in the United States is rare

5. What is protein-carbohydrate malnutrition? A person who:

	doesn't eat enough protein or carbohydrates
	eats to much protein and not enough carbohydrates
	eats to much carbohydrates and not enough protein
	eats to much protein and carbohydrates which interferes withabsorption and digestion of other nutrients

6. Which vitamin is stored in the tissues?

	A
	B
	C

7. The menstrual occurs within 3 or 4 days of which of thefollowing changes in the blood?

	increase in estrogen and decrease in progesterone
	increase in progesterone and decrease in estrogen
	increase in progesterone and estrogen
	decrease in progesterone and estrogen

8. Which statement regarding sperm production and aging istrue?

	Aging increases the amount of sperm produced
	Aging has a variable effect on the amount of spermproduced.
	Aging causes major changes in sperm cell morphology
	Aging causes major changes in sperm cell function

9. Which of the following is a function of the digestivesystem?

	Helping with speech
	Vitamin A production
	Storing blood in the pancreas
	Producing erythropoietin

10. Thinning of the enamel, decrease in nerve cells, recedinggums and loss of muscle of mastication coordination are consideredto be what type of changes in the mouth?

	Abnormal changes
	Age changes

11. A decline in sexual activity with age is primarilyassociated with what age related changes in the physiology of amale?

	Decline in frequency of use
	Deteriorating self-image
	Medication use
	Changes in blood flow

12. Which of the following conditions is not apathological change that effects the stomach?

	Peptic ulcer
	Atrophic Gastritis
	Acute Gastritis
	Stricture

13. Which of the following is an age related cause for fecalincontinence?

	Laxative use
	Ulcerative colitis
	Colorectal cancer
	Disability
	Stool softener

14. A decrease in lactase secretion is an age related changeassociated with the _____________.

	stomach
	small intestine
	large intestine
	pancreas

15. Which of the following statements regarding atrophicgastritis is true?

	causes overproduction of HCL
	causes overproduction of intrinsic factor
	increase absorption of B12
	increase risk for cancer

16. Functional incontinence may be due to a problem withwhat?

	cognitive function
	autonomic system
	urinary bladder
	urethra

17. Which of the following is not a function of nutrients?

	energy for activities
	raw materials for growth
	buffer to maintain pH
	fluid and electrolyte balance

18. Adenosine triphosphate is produced during all of thefollowing processes, except ______.

	Oxidative phosphorylation
	Kreb's cycle
	Electron transport
	Glycation

19. The digestive system helps create nutritional homeostasis,which of the following is one of the four reasons for nutritionalhomeostasis?

	nutrients are formed to supply the energy for vitalfunctions
	nutrients supply raw materials to synthesize body substances
	nutrients counteract against blood so that volume ismaintained
	nutrients tear down worn out substances for later use

20. Women with _____ percent body fat has an increase risk for ashorter life span and weight related diseases.

	18
	22
	27
	31

21. What amount of protein should be consumed daily by an olderadult?

	.25 gram per kilogram of weight
	.5 gram per kilogram of weight
	.75 gram per kilogram of weight
	1 gram per kilogram of weight

22. Stress incontinence is much more common in women than in menbecause women have which of the following?

	longer urethra
	premenopausal thinning
	weakened structures

23. Which of the following is an age related change affectingthe kidneys?

	increase in weight
	increase in width
	decrease in area
	decrease in volume

24. Postmenopausal decrease in estrogen leads to age relatedchanges of the _________.

	Urethra
	Urinary bladder
	Ureter
	Kidney

25. _______ percent of the working capacity of both kidneys isneeded to maintain homeostasis.

	10
	20
	30
	40

26. Which of the following is considered a treatment for urinaryincontinence?

	surgical removal of the sphincter
	medications to modify bladder function
	electric shock therapy

27. Which reproductive hormone provides a decrease risk ofatherosclerosis?

	testosterone
	relaxin
	estrogen
	follicle stimulating hormone

28. Which form of cancer in the female reproductive system rankssecond in occurrence?

	Ovarian
	Cervical
	Endometrial
	Vaginal

29. Which hormone produced in females seems to stimulate thelibido?

	Estrogen
	Progesterone
	Testosterone
	Luteinizing hormone

30. Which of the following regarding prostate cancer istrue?

	it is related to having benign prostatic hypertrophy
	it is more common in white males
	testing for prostatic specific antigen is sensitive andspecific
	it impairs the function of the liver

azureelephant219

Kinesiology 2230A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Reaction Rate, Endergonic Reaction, Glycogen

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

Kinesiology 2230A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Citric Acid Cycle, Cellular Respiration, Endergonic Reaction

Kinesiology 2230A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Endergonic Reaction, Reaction Rate, Liquid Oxygen

Kinesiology 2230A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Malate Dehydrogenase, Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate, Electron Acceptor

Related Questions