1. All of the following characteristics of skin help make it a good defensive barrier against pathogenic microbes EXCEPT:
Springy elasticity
Saltiness due to production of sweat from sweat glands
Acidic pH due to oily compound (sebum) metabolism
Normal microflora of skin
Constant sloughing off of old dead epithelial skin cells
2. The majority of microorganisms comprising the normal microflora inhabiting the skin surface are:
Gram-positive fungi of the single-celled yeasts
Gram-positive bacteria of the Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Proprionibacterium genera
Gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family
Gram-negative bacteria of the Neisseria, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella genera
All of the above
3. The pus-producing skin infection (pyoderma) can be caused by:
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Corynebacteria
A combination of staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria
All of these
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of impetigo?
Common in children
Can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
Is highly contagious
Can be caused by pseudomonads
5. Which of the following is NOT true about acne?
It is most commonly the result of male sex hormones that stimulate increased sebaceous gland growth and secretion of sebum.
Propionibacterium acnes in particular can turn a mild case of acne into a severe case by causing increased and widespread inflammation, tissue destruction, and scarring.
Common treatments are frequent cleansing of the skin and topical ointments that reduce the risk of infection.
Low doses of oral antibiotics are often prescribed to prevent bacterial infections of lesions and are without side effects.
In most cases, acne disappears or decreases in severity on its own as the body adjusts to the hormonal changes of puberty and sebaceous gland function stabilizes.
6. Which of the following often cause nosocomial infections in burn patients?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Serratia marcescens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
b and c
7. Gas gangrene is most likely associated with infection with:
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium perfringenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
8. The leading cause of preventable blindness in the world is caused by:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
9. Chickenpox is a disease of chickens and is caused by the poxvirus, cowpox is a disease of cattle, and smallpox is a human disease that commonly affects only children. True or false?
10. Antibiotic is used to treat the eyes of newborn infants when:
The mother has gonorrhea
The mother has genital herpes
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is isolated from the newborn's eyes
Always
The mother has a history of multiple sex partners
11. The virus used to immunize individuals against smallpox causes the disease:
Chickenpox
Measles
Cowpox
Molluscum contagiosum
Warts
12. Which of the following fungal diseases result from an opportunistic fungal infection?
Zygomycoses
Aspergillosis
Candidasis
All of the above
None of the above
13. Rheumatic fever is caused by which organism?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pyogenes
14. Which of the following components of the respiratory system is normally free of microorganisms?
Lungs
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
15. Which of the following is true about diphtheria?
It is caused by strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infected with a prophage that carries an exotoxin-producing gene.
A pseudomembrane composed of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cells, damaged epithelial cells, fibrin, and blood cells forms that can block the airway and cause suffocation.
The exotoxin spreads throughout the body damaging multiple organ system by interfering with cellular protein synthesis.
It can be prevented with DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine and treated with both antitoxin and antibiotics.
All of the above are true.
